1. Hisa Shimojima et al. JACEP 2018;4:970-972
Contrast Cardiac CT Volumetric Images Revealed Total Occlusion Contrast cardiac computed tomography (CT) volumetric images revealed total occlusion of the left pulmonary veins (A, B) and stenosis of the right upper pulmonary vein (yellow arrows). The occlusions were 20 mm and 4 mm long in the left upper pulmonary vein (C) and left lower pulmonary vein (D), respectively, on late contrast phase images. Only flow in the right lower pulmonary vein was observed in the late phase of pulmonary artery angiography (E, red arrow). A pulmonary ventilation-perfusion scan showed an almost total perfusion defect of the left lung and decrease of perfusion in the right upper pulmonary area (F). a = perfusion; b = ventilation; L = left lobe; R = right lobe.
Hisa Shimojima et al. JACEP 2018;4:
2018 American College of Cardiology Foundation