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Structure of Prokaryotes

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Presentation on theme: "Structure of Prokaryotes"— Presentation transcript:

1 Structure of Prokaryotes
Filename: Prokar.ppt Hugh B. Fackrell

2 PresentationOutline Systematics Bacterial size Shape Cell Envelope
Spores Flagella Background terms and concepts Proteins Membranes Formation of lipid bilayers Prokaryotes Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes Evolution of eukaryotes

3 Empires Level of organization above the kingdom level
Archaea (formerly Archaebacteria) Bacteria ( formerly Eubacteria) Eucarya (plants, animals, protista, fungi)

4 Three Empires Fossil Record & Morphology Cellular
Five Kingdoms- plants, animals, protistia, fungi , prokaryotes Prokaryotes - Eubacteria, Archeobacteria Cellular Three kingdoms, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Eukaryotes

5 Bacterial Size Cell Smallest Average Largest
Bacterial 0.1m m mm Animal 1m m m Plant m m ?

6 How does solve diffusion problems?
Colossus mm visibile to naked eye Symbiant in gut of surgeonfish Epulopiscium fishelsoni How does solve diffusion problems?

7 Bacterial Fossils 3.7 BY

8 Gold deposited by Bacteria

9 Bacteria in clusters

10 Bacterial Sell Structure

11 Gram Positive Cells

12 Gram Negative Cells

13 Bacterial Cell Walls

14 Bacterial Wall [detail]

15 Gram Negative cell wall

16 Isolated Murein Layer

17 After Peptidase hydrolysis

18 Lysozyme cleavage of Murein

19 Archaea: Cell Membranes
lack fatty acids contain ethers gylcerol diethers , bilayers Tetraethers form monolayers Fixed number of carbons in hydrocarbons flexibility via pentacylic rings Large amounts of nonpolar lipids isoprenoids eg squalene

20 Archaea: Cell Walls NO muramic acid NO D amino acids
pseudopeptidoglycan (Methanobacterium) N acetyltalosaminuronic acid glycoprotein (Halobacterium) highly negative charge balances positive charges of sodium Protein

21 Archaea: Genetics Half size of bacterial genomes
1900 KB vs 4700 KB (E coli) Bacterial Similarities Polygenic mRNA Shine-Dalgarno sequences for ribosome binding Eucarya Similarities RNA polymerase II

22 Bacterial Endopsore

23 Magnetic Bacterium

24 Bacterial Flagellum

25 Summary Simple cells Single circular chromosome 1-2 microns in size
few internal compartments or organelles Complex Cell Wall common Cell wall unique

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