1. Bangladesh Child-Focused
9/2/2019
Bangladesh Child-Focused
Multi-Dimensional Poverty Index (C-MPI)
Dr. Krishna Gayen
Director General
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
3 July 2019
GED, Planning Commission 1

2. Remarkable Reduction in Poverty Observed in Bangladesh

3. Why C-MPI
Alkire-Foster developed MPI for multi-dimensional poverty measurement at the national level.
Bangladesh conducted a pilot study, measuring Child-Focused MPI due to the availability of Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) data.
Why MICS? Because it captures multiple dimensions, as established by the Alkire-Foster model
“Children make up 46% of the poor in Bangladesh, and are more susceptible to abuse, exploitation and natural disaster”.

4. Dimensions Child Protection Child Development (Education)
Child Environment (Living standard)
Child Survival (Health and Nutrition)
Child Development (Education)
Child Protection

5. Background
SDG indicator refers to “Proportion of men, women and children of all ages living in poverty in all its dimensions”
Bangladesh has been calculating consumption-based poverty estimate
According to the SDG M&E framework, data for SDG indicator will be generated and provided by BBS
GED and BBS agreed to collaborate to develop the C-MPI as piloting in Bangladesh
UNICEF and OPHI extended their support to develop Child focused MPI for Bangladesh

6. The Government’s Commitment
Voluntary National Review 2017 recognizes the multi-dimensional nature of poverty and the need to address the problem by adopting appropriate policies and strategies, and lays out plans to invest on capacity building for introducing Multidimensional Poverty Index measurement.

7. Who works for this? Advisory committee Technical committee
Headed by Member, General Economic Division; representatives from 15 Ministries that are spending for children; and experts and economist from civil society.
Technical committee
Headed by Member, GED and representatives from 15 ministries
Technical Working Group
Composed of GED, BBS and Finance Division
Technical support from UNICEF Bangladesh and OPHI

8. C-MPI Model Deprivation cut-off Dimension Indicator Weight
1. Child Environment
Electricity
Deprived if the household has no electricity.
0.05
2. Sanitation
Deprived if the household’s sanitation facility is not improved or it is improved but shared with other households.
3. Drinking Water
Deprived if the household does not have access to safe drinking water or used improved drinking water is more than a 30-minute walk from home roundtrip.
4. Floor
Deprived if the household has a dirt, sand or dung floor.
5. Cooking fuel
Deprived if the household cooks with dung, wood, charcoal or crop residues.

9. C-MPI Model (continued)
Dimension
Indicator
Deprivation Cut-off
Weight
2. Child Development
1. School attendance
Deprived if there is at least one member of household aged 6-17 years who is not attending school
0.125
2. Years of schooling
Deprived if no household member has completed 10 years of schooling
3. Child Survival
Malnutrition
Deprived if any child (aged 0-4 years) of the household is stunted or wasted or underweight.
2. Child mortality
Deprived if any child aged 0-4 years ever died in the household in

10. C-MPI Model (continued)
Dimension
Indicator
Deprivation Cut-off
Weight
4. Child Protection
1. Child marriage
Deprived if any women (aged years) of household who was first married before age 18.
0.083
2. Child violence
Deprived if any child (aged 1-14 years) of household who experienced any physical punishment in the past one month.
3. Birth registration
Deprived of any child (aged 0-4 years) of household whose birth was not registered with a civil authority.

11. Bangladesh C-MPI at different poverty cut-off
As MPI approaches to zero, it means both H and A are getting lower and lower (performing better)

12. Future Plans To use data from ongoing MICS 2018-2019 to update C-MPI
To adopt the methodology for preparing national MPI on a regular basis

13. Key Issues and Challenges
Who will be the custodian of this undertaking
BBS or GED? According to the Statistics Act, BBS has the mandate to produce official statistics and authenticate all administrative data.
Developing in-house capacity of national statistical system
Identification and availability of representative household survey data that represents the multi-dimensional nature of the model
Finalizing the indicators

14. Key Issues and Challenges
Policy and programmes to prioritize sectoral interventions, policy discourse and resource allocation.
There should also be a provision within the Alkire-Foster model to account for the profound effect of climate change on populations, which affects over 19 million children in Bangladesh.

15. Thank you! Questions?