1. Psychological Disorders
Psychology 40S C. McMurray
Source: PSYCHOLOGY (8th Edition) David Myers

2. Psychological Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorders and Related Disorders
Mood Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Schizophrenia
Personality Disorders

3. Defining Psychological Disorders
Mental health workers view psychological disorders as persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions.
When behavior is deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional psychiatrists and psychologists label it as disordered
OBJECTIVE 1| Identify criteria for judging whether behavior is psychologically disordered.

4. DSM - 5
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition
Standard classification of mental disorders used by mental health professionals
Contains criteria for every psychiatric disorder
Purpose: to create a common language for health care providers who diagnose mental illnesses
First DSM was published in 1952
Changes to DSM

5. 1. Anxiety Disorders Examples: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Phobias
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders
Feelings of excessive apprehension and anxiety.

6. Anxiety Disorders: Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Symptoms:
Persistent and uncontrollable tenseness and apprehension.
Autonomic arousal.
Inability to identify or avoid the cause of certain feelings.
OBJECTIVE 6| Contrast the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder.

7. Anxiety Disorders: Phobia
Marked by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or situation that disrupts behavior.

9. Anxiety Disorder: Panic Disorder
Panic Disorder Symptoms: Minute-long episodes of intense dread which may include feelings of terror, chest pains, choking, or other frightening sensations. Anxiety is a component of both disorders. It occurs more in the panic disorder, making people avoid situations that cause it.

10. Stress and Trauma related Disorders (Formerly under Anxiety Disorders) Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Four or more weeks of the following symptoms constitute post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD):
Haunting memories
2. Nightmares
3. Social withdrawal
4. Jumpy anxiety
5. Sleep problems
Bettmann/ Corbis

11. 2. Obsessive Compulsive Disorders and Related Disorders
DSM-5 added a new category of disorders called Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders (OCRDs)
The OCRDs category includes the familiar obsessive-compulsive disorder. It also includes two newly defined disorders with obsessive-compulsive features. These are hoarding disorder and excoriation (skin-picking) disorder. Also included in the new OCRD category are body dysmorphic disorder (previously classified as a Somatoform Disorder) and trichotillomania (hair-pulling, previously classified as an Impulse Control Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified).

12. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Persistence of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless rituals (compulsions) that cause distress.
OBJECTIVE 8| Describe the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

13. 3. Mood Disorders
Examples:
Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder

14. Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder
Depression is the “common cold” of psychological disorders.

15. Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder occurs when signs of depression last two weeks or more and are not caused by drugs or medical conditions.
Signs include:
Lethargy and fatigue
Feelings of worthlessness
Loss of interest in family & friends
Loss of interest in activities

16. Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder
Formerly called manic-depressive disorder. An alternation between depression and mania signals bipolar disorder.
Depressive Symptoms
Manic Symptoms
Gloomy
Elation
Withdrawn
Euphoria
Inability to make decisions
Desire for action
Tired
Hyperactive
Slowness of thought
Multiple ideas

17. Mood Disorders: Bipolar Disorder 1 and 2
Depression and Manic episodes
During manic episodes of bipolar 1 disorder, you may become delusional and/or suffer from hallucinations, which are symptoms of psychosis. If this occurs, the condition is called bipolar I with psychotic features. Bipolar I can seriously impair your day-to-day functioning.
(About Health:
Bipolar 2:
Depression and Hypomanic episodes
During hypomanic episodes, a few of the most common symptoms are:
Not needing a lot of sleep, but not being tired
Having more energy than usual
Risky behavior, such as reckless spending
Grandiosity, pressured speech and/or racing thoughts
Cyclothymic Disorder
(About Health:

18. 4. Dissociative Disorder
Conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.
Symptoms
Having a sense of being unreal.
OBJECTIVE 11| Describe the symptoms of dissociative disorders, and explain why some critics are skeptical about dissociative identity disorder.
2. Being separated from the body.
3. Watching yourself as if in a movie.

19. Example: Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)
Is a disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities, formerly called multiple personality disorder.

20. 5. Schizophrenia
If depression is the common cold of psychological disorders, schizophrenia is the cancer.
Nearly 1 in a 100 suffer from schizophrenia, and throughout the world over 24 million people suffer from this disease
Schizophrenia strikes young people as they mature into adults. It affects men and women equally, but men suffer from it more severely than women.

21. Symptoms of Schizophrenia
The literal translation is “split mind.” A group of severe disorders characterized by the following:
Disorganized and delusional thinking.
Disturbed perceptions.
Inappropriate emotions and actions.
Delusions – false beliefs

22. Disturbed Perceptions
A person with schizophrenia may perceive things that are not there (hallucinations). Frequently such hallucinations are auditory.
Photos of paintings by Krannert Museum, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
August Natter, Witches Head. The Prinzhorn Collection, University of Heidelberg
L. Berthold, Untitled. The Prinzhorn Collection, University of Heidelberg

23. Auditory Hallucinations
“This is designed to provide the listener with some understanding of what it might be like to experience auditory hallucinations. Content in this presentation is based on things our clients tell us they hear through my experience as a mental health outreach worker.” (Jarrad Wale)
Auditory hallucinations

24. 6. Personality Disorders
Personality disorders are characterized by inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

25. Example: Antisocial Personality Disorder
A disorder in which the person (usually men) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members. Formerly, this person was called a sociopath or psychopath.

26. Project Info APA Style: In-Text Citations
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