1. Transthoracic echocardiogram, parasternal long-axis view: example of construction of reference lines for aortoseptal angle calculation.
Transthoracic echocardiogram, parasternal long-axis view: example of construction of reference lines for aortoseptal angle calculation. (A) The septal line was drawn along the junction of left and right interventricular septum (checked arrows), parallel to the proximal right endocardial border (white arrows). (B) The aortoseptal angle was defined as the angle between the septal line, and a line drawn through the long axis of the aortic root where a value of 180° would be a straight line from septum to aorta and reducing values represent increasing angulation.
Christopher Howell Critoph et al. Open Heart 2014;1:e000176
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