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Volume 27, Issue 14, Pages 2185-2193.e6 (July 2017)
Extensive Farming in Estonia Started through a Sex-Biased Migration from the Steppe Lehti Saag, Liivi Varul, Christiana Lyn Scheib, Jesper Stenderup, Morten E. Allentoft, Lauri Saag, Luca Pagani, Maere Reidla, Kristiina Tambets, Ene Metspalu, Aivar Kriiska, Eske Willerslev, Toomas Kivisild, Mait Metspalu Current Biology Volume 27, Issue 14, Pages e6 (July 2017) DOI: /j.cub Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions
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Figure 1 Map of the Spread and Burial Sites of the Archaeological Cultures Involved in This Study Narva culture (NC) is marked with gray, Comb Ceramic culture (CCC) with dark blue, and Corded Ware culture (CWC) with dark red. (A) Spread of the archaeological cultures involved in this study. The double red line indicates an archaeologically distinct CWC area. (B) Burial sites of the archaeological cultures involved in this study. Sites involved in this study are indicated with arrows along with numbers of analyzed samples and the approximate mean values of calibrated carbon dating results. Current Biology , e6DOI: ( /j.cub ) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions
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Figure 2 Principal Component and ADMIXTURE Analysis Results
(A) Principal-component analysis results of modern West Eurasians with ancient individuals (including seven ancient Estonians) projected onto the first two components (PC1 and PC2). In the legend, the following are shown from left to right: this study, Jones et al [8], and Lazaridis et al [30]. Kud2, 3, Kudruküla; Ard1, 2, Ardu; Kun1, 2, Kunila. (B) ADMIXTURE analysis results for aDNA samples at K14 with ancient individuals projected onto the modern genetic structure. The y axis shows the proportions of the ancestral components. See also Figures S3 and S2 and Table S4. Current Biology , e6DOI: ( /j.cub ) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions
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Figure 3 Outgroup f3 or D Statistics Results
(A–C) Comb Ceramic culture (CCC; blue axis) and Corded Ware culture (CWC; red axis) plotted against each other. In (A) and (B), the blue star indicates Latvian CCC, the blue cross indicates earlier Latvian hunter-gatherer populations, and the red star indicates Latvian CWC. (A) D statistics values of form D(Yoruba, CCC/CWC; Estonian, ancient). (B) Outgroup f3 statistics values of form f3(Yoruba; CCC/CWC, ancient). (C) Outgroup f3 statistics values of form f3(Yoruba; CCC/CWC, modern). Colors signify languages, and shapes signify regions. (D) Outgroup f3 statistics values of form f3_Xchr(Mbuti; CWC, ancient) and f3_Autosomes(Mbuti; CWC, ancient) plotted against each other. EMBA, Early/Middle Bronze Age; MLBA, Middle/Late Bronze Age; LNBA, Late Neolithic/Bronze Age; EF, early farmers; HG, hunter-gatherers; EN, Eneolithic. See also Table S4 and Data S1. Current Biology , e6DOI: ( /j.cub ) Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions
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