1. Ablative absolute
Ablativus absolutus

2. absolvo, absolvere, absolvi, absolutus
to free, release

3. NOUN AND PARTICIPLE in the ABLATIVE case
Comprises of:
NOUN AND PARTICIPLE in the ABLATIVE case

4. TRANSLATION IS MORE OFTEN
WITH

5. WITH THE DINNER HAVING BEEN SERVED or WITH THE TRAIN DEPARTING

6. PERFECT PASSIVE AND PRESENT ACTIVE
BOTH PARTICIPLES ARE BEING USED IN ABLATIVE APSOLUTE CONSTRUCTION AND THIS IS INDEPENDENT CONSTRUCTION REGARDING THE REST OF THE SENTENCE
PERFECT PASSIVE AND PRESENT ACTIVE
also we can use perfect active participle

7. Urbe capta, milites discessĒrunt.
With the city having being captured, the soldiers departed.

8. Omnibus tacentibus, libertus nomina recitavit.
With everyone being quiet, the freedman read out the names.

9. domino egresso, servi garrire coeperunt.
With the master having gone out, the slaves began to chatter.

10. A noun or pronoun, with a participle in agreement, may be put in the ablative to define the time or circumstances of an action. This construction is called the Ablative Absolute.

11. Examples:
Caesar, acceptīs litterīs, nūntium mittit. (B. G. 5.46) Having received the letter, Cæsar sends a messenger. (the letter having been received)
Quibus rēbus cōgnitīs Caesar apud mīlitēs cōntiōnātur. (B. C. 1.7) Having learned this, Cæsar makes a speech to the soldiers.
(with that things having been learned)

12. We can also use participle present active
Mercatoribus ridentibus, senex pecuniam quaesivit.
With the merchants laughing, the old man searched for money.
Or while the merchants were laughing, the old man searched for money.

13. Sometimes we can have 2 nouns in abl. case
Cicerone consule with Cicero as consul
Caesare duce with Cesar as leader

14. Te consule with you as consul Me duce with me as leader
Or pronoun and noun
Te consule with you as consul
Me duce with me as leader

15. Or adjective and noun and participle
Tota cena consumpta with a whole dinner having been eaten or after the whole dinner was eaten

16. Practice: pg ACT 3 and 5

17. The Ablative Absolute is an adverbial modifier of the predicate
The Ablative Absolute is an adverbial modifier of the predicate. It is, however, not grammatically dependent on any word in the sentence: hence its name absolute (absolūtus, i.e. free or unconnected).
A substantive in the Ablative Absolute very seldom denotes a person or thing elsewhere mentioned in the same clause.