1. Why does it make sense that these eras happened when they did?
Do Now
Take out your World History timeline and look at the eras of the Industrial Revolution & Imperialism.
Why does it make sense that these eras happened when they did?

2. 1500 CE
1600 CE
1700 CE
1800 CE
1900 CE
2000 CE
Page 2

3. What sparked the Industrial Revolution?
Where did this happen?

4. Why did the IR start in England?
Had all the necessary factors of production
Land
Natural resources, coal/iron, harbors & many rivers
Capital
Brits get rich in 1700s, want to invest
Labor
Growing population & migration to cities
Overseas Colonies
Natural resources, cheap labor & markets for goods

5. The Spark: Innovations in Agriculture
Enclosure Acts
Force out tenant farmers
Move to cities
Inventions
Crop rotation
Iron plows
Seed drill
Horse drawn hoe
**Causes urbanization & the rise of factories**

6. The Rise of Cities
Urbanization-city building and the movement of people to cities.
Causes:
Better wages
Growth of the factory system
Factories:
developed near energy source-coal mines, water, etc.
Cities:
London became largest in Europe
Birmingham/Sheffield-iron cities
Leeds/Manchester-textiles/cotton
All cities populations at least doubled in size
Labor source allows for cities to add industry and grow

7. Growth of English Cities

8. Living Conditions No development plans, sanitary codes, building codes
Lack of housing, education and police forces
Unpaved streets
No drainage or sewer system
Garbage often collected on the streets
Dark shelters, whole families to one room
Disease spread easily
Britain’s average life span in 1832
City - 17
Country - 38
Many problems were created by urbanization

9. Working Conditions 14 hour days 6 day weeks
Repetitive work schedule, little to no variety in jobs
Factory dangers:
Poor lighting
Machines often caused injury-no safety codes (i.e. boiler explodes)
Mining Industry
most dangerous
poor ventilation, cave ins
Women and children often worked here-cheap labor

10. Effects of the Industrial Revolution
Working Conditions
Social Classes
Industry created new jobs
Factories were dirty, unsafe and dangerous
Harsh discipline by factory bosses
Long Term: Workers won higher wages, shorter hours, better conditions
Factory workers overworked, underpaid
Overseers and skilled workers rose to lower middle class
Factory owners, merchants-upper middle class
Upper class resents middle class
Long Term: standard of living generally rose
Size of Cities
Living Conditions
Urban areas double, tripled
Many cities specified in certain industries
Long term: suburbs grew as people fled the city
Cities lacked sanitary/building codes
Housing, water and social service scarce-disease spread quickly
Long term: housing, diet, clothing improve

11. Industrial Revolution Cause & Effect Flow Chart