1. May 13, 2019
You need:
Clean paper (2) / Pencil
Warm Up:
Mental Math
I CAN: identify the three types of heat transfer

2. Mental Math
1.) 4 (2 – 5) =

3. Mental Math
2.) Northern HS is 14.5 km away. How many meters is that?

4. Mental Math
3.) My shoes cost $30 and my shirt costs $25, but I was able to get both using a 20% coupon. How much did I pay?

5. Mental Math
4.) ½ + ½ + ½ = **Be sure to simplify!

6. Mental Math
5.) Our science test had 20 questions. Ms.Garris allowed for 12 bonus questions (1 point each). If the regular test questions were 5 points each and I missed 7, but I got all of the bonus questions right – what was my score?

7. Teacher March Day SWAGRRR Day Tests Start Forces TEST Weather/
Atmosphere
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Review
Review

8. May 27 May 28 May 29 May 30 May 31 Science Last day of school Review

9. Demo – hand-warmer
Explain the hand-warmer demo Ms.Garris showed.

10. Mixture of Gases in Air All Other Gases Argon = 0.93%
Carbon Dioxide = 0.04%

11. Earth’s atmosphere makes conditions on Earth suitable for living things:
It traps energy from the sun keeping the Earth warm.
The heat also keeps water in liquid form (good for life)
It protects Earth from dangerous radiation and meteor collisions.

12. Let’s make a model!
Write the notes ONTO the correct layer.
Add color to the layers and the pictures.
Cut out the layers and the pictures.
Assemble on your notebook paper.
**Be careful to place them low enough on the page so that they don’t stick out of the top of your binder!!**

13. DENSITY
PRESSURE
and

14. DENSITY LOW density HIGH density
DENSITY describes how closely packed the particles of an object are.
HIGH density
LOW density

15. How does this relate to air?
This pushing of air is called AIR PRESSURE.
You felt PRESSURE when you were crammed into the tape square.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Air at LOW DENSITY also has LOW PRESSURE
Air at HIGH DENSITY also has HIGH PRESSURE

16. Spread out for low density Closely packed for high density
Density Columns
If you drew in the molecules for your density column, what would it look like?
Spread out for low density
Closely packed for high density

17. Exploring Air with Syringes
Today, you will investigate air with syringes and tubing – work on your own or with your group.
What happens to the air in the syringe when you push/pull on the plunger?
What happens to the foam cube?
*SAFETY – Be careful with the materials! Do not point either end of the syringe at another student.

18. Exploring Air with Syringes
Question: What can we do to air in a syringe?
Observations:
Write 3 observations from your investigation.
Conclusions:
1) What can air do? (that a solid or liquid can’t do…)
2) Write down 1 more question...
*SAFETY – Be careful with the materials! Do not point either end of the syringe at another student.

19. Exploring Air with Syringes
Based on the investigation:
What can air do?
A few words you need to know…
Compress – means to squeeze into a smaller space
Density – the amount of mass (stuff) in a certain amount of space (volume)
Air Pressure – the force of air pushing on stuff
Barometer – a tool that measures air pressure
COMPRESS

20. Marshmallow in jar…
Which picture is simulating mountain top and which is simulating sea level?
Explain your answer.

21. Air Pressure in a Syringe
Which syringe has the air under more pressure?
Low Pressure
& Less Dense
High Pressure
& More Dense

22. What happened?
The fire heats up the air inside the bottle and makes it expand – pushing some air out.
When the fire goes out, the air cools and contracts (takes up less space), creating LOW pressure in the bottle.
Suddenly the HIGH air pressure outside the bottle can "push" the egg inside.

23. Air Pressure at Different Altitudes
Is air pressure greater at sea level or on top of a mountain?
Lower Air Pressure
Mountains
(High altitude)
Higher Air Pressure
Sea Level (Low altitude)

24. Air Pressure at Different Altitudes
Magic Balloon: If I want it to be bigger, should I take it to the mountains or the beach?
Mountains (High altitude)
Sea Level (Low altitude)

25. Back to your notes page…
Altitude, or elevation, is the distance above sea level.
As altitude increases, air pressure decreases.
Air pressure decreases and this also means that density decreases.
Low density can make it difficult to breathe (due to less oxygen)

26. Air pressure
Air pressure – the result of weight of a column of air pushing down on an area, measured by an instrument known as a barometer.
Barometer = Air pressure

27. What is HEAT? What do “hot” and “cold” really mean?
What is “temperature?”
Where does our heat energy come from?
Why do some things heat up more than others on a hot day?

28. Where does the energy come from?
Nearly all the energy that heats our atmosphere comes from the sun.
Not all sunlight reaches the ground. Some sunlight is absorbed or reflected before it reaches the surface.

29. Where does the energy go?

30. Where does the energy go?

31. Where does the energy go?
Not all surfaces absorb the sun’s energy equally.
The color and material of the surface will determine how much of the energy is absorbed and how much is reflected.
Grass
Water
Sand
Rocks

32. How does heat move?
HEAT is the transfer of thermal energy from a hotter object to a cooler one.
Thermal energy is moving from the air, which is warmer, to the snowman, which is cooler.

33. How does heat move?
Heat can be transferred in three ways: radiation, conduction, and convection.

34. RADIATION
Radiation is the direct transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves.
Radiation does not need any material to travel through!
Energy from the sun gets to us through radiation.

35. CONDUCTION
Conduction is the direct transfer of heat from one material to another that is touching it.
When a faster-moving molecule bumps into a slower-moving molecule, the slower one speeds up.
Conduction works best in solids.
Metal is a good conductor – the heat moves to the girl’s hand.
Wood is not a good conductor.

36. CONVECTION
Convection is the transfer of heat by the movement of particles in a fluid (liquid or gas).
As fluids heat up or cool down, their density changes. Lower-density materials will rise above higher-density materials.

37. HEAT TRANSFER

38. Radiation, Conduction, or Convection?
You feel the warmth of the sun’s rays on your face outside.
You notice your macaroni moving up and down in the boiling water.
At the beach, you step on the hot sand and it burns your feet.
RADIATION
CONVECTION
CONDUCTION

39. HEAT TRANSFER

40. Heat transfer

41. Cold air moves pretty slowly, and stays pretty tightly packed together:

42. Hot air, on the other hand, goes really fast and expands to fill more space.

43. So, hot air is LESS DENSE than cold air.

44. So, since hot air is less dense than the surrounding air, it rises, leaving a low-density, low-pressure area behind.
Low pressure

45. This rushing in of cold air is what we call… WIND!!
Nearby cold air can then rush in to fill low-pressure area left by the rising hot air.
This rushing in of cold air is what we call… WIND!!

46. UNEVEN HEATING
The uneven heating of the air that causes wind is created not only by different colors on Earth’s surface, but also by:
Different surfaces (grass vs. snow vs. water, etc.)
Pollution in some areas
Different amounts of sunlight due to seasons, clouds, etc.

47. So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach.
During the day, the air over the sand is hotter than the air over the water because the water takes longer to heat up in the Sun.
So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach.
WARMER
COOLER

48. So the wind blows toward the ocean at night.
But at night, the air over the water is warmer than the air over the sand, because water HOLDS heat longer than the ground.
So the wind blows toward the ocean at night.
COOLER
WARMER

49. Sea Breeze

50. Land Breeze

51. Climate vs Weather Global vs Local winds
LARGE scale = overall pattern, trend
small scale = daily, weekly, small times
Global vs Local winds
LARGE scale = Over the entire Earth
small scale = tiny area…usually land beside water.

52. Global winds 1 2 3 4 5 Polar easterlies Prevailing westerlies
Horse latitudes 4
Trade winds 5
Equator / Doldrums

53. United States of America

54. Coriolis Effect – the effect on the air caused by the rotation of the earth.

55. Water in the Atmosphere

56. Earth is called the “Water Planet”
71% of the earth’s surface is covered by water.
Water is essential for LIFE on earth.

57. Water on earth’s surface is easy to see…
Oceans
Lakes
Rivers
Glaciers
But what about water in earth’s atmosphere???

58. Water in the atmosphere
It’s less obvious than surface water, but there are many signs of water in the atmosphere:
Rain, Snow, Drizzle
Clouds & Fog
Hot days that feel “muggy” or “humid”
Dew on the grass in the morning

59. Water Cycle
The movement of water between the atmosphere and earth’s surface is the water cycle.

60. How does water get into the air?
EVAPORATION – is the process where liquid water molecules escape into the air as water vapor.
3 things affect how quickly water evaporates:
1) Temperature
2) Wind
3) Humidity of the air

61. How much water can air hold?
HUMIDITY is the measure of how much water vapor is in the air.
TEMPERATURE affects how much water vapor the air can hold…
Warm Air
Cold Air
holds MORE water vapor.
holds LESS water vapor.
That’s why air feels more “HUMID” on hot days!

62. What is the “Dew Point”?
As air cools, the amount of water vapor it can hold decreases.
At a certain temperature, the water vapor in the air will CONDENSE back into water droplets or ice.
This temperature is the “DEW POINT”.

63. What is the “Dew Point”?
So, when the air temperature equals the “Dew Point” temperature, the air cannot hold any more water.
That means relative humidity is 100%!

64. Ever wondered about why the grass (or a car windshield) is wet in the morning?
Overnight, the temperature dropped below the “dew point” temperature, and the water in the air condensed into water droplets on the grass.

65. Watch the BrainPop video on “Humidity”. Write down 3 things you learned.