1. 75-year-old woman with osteoporotic L1 and L3 fractures sustained 1 year ago and managed with vertebroplasty. DEXA image shows T-scores are higher than for adjacent vertebrae (L1, 0.2; L2, –3.5; L3, –1.2; L4, –4). Excluding L1 and L3 from analysis changes L1–L4 T-score from –2.1 to –3.8

2. 67-year-old-woman with calcified kidney
67-year-old-woman with calcified kidney. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DEXA) image shows previously unknown calcified nonfunctioning kidney. Radiograph confirms finding

3. 54-year-old woman with calcified hydatid cyst DEXA image and radiograph show calcification that proved to be hepatic hydatid cyst.

4. 70-year-old woman with dermatomyositis
70-year-old woman with dermatomyositis. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric image and radiograph show multiple seeming calcifications superimposed on left hip. Erroneous increase in bone mineral density (arrow) precludes analysis.

5. 67-year-old woman with bone graft
67-year-old woman with bone graft. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric image and radiograph show area of laminectomy and calcified bone graft over L4–L5 vertebral bodies. Exclusion of L3 and L4 changes L1–L4 T- score of –1.8 to L1–L2 T-score of –1.6.

6. 50-year-old woman with osteoporosis, Posteroanterior dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) image of lumbar spine shows dense vertebrae with high T- score at all levels