1. Do Now separate sheet of paper
1. What are the two steps in Protein synthesis?
2. How is Transcription different form DNA replication?
3. How is the mRNA strand read to make protein?
4. Transcribe and translate the following DNA:
TAC GCT ACT
5. Why is the sequence of nucleotides so important?
6. How does Protein synthesis result in the expression of our genes?
Do Now separate sheet of paper
Where does Transcription occur?
Where does translation occur?
What is the monomer of a DNA and RNA?
What is the monomer of a protein?
Big goal?

2. EQ: How are genes responsible for the variety of organisms that exist?
Mendel Genetics
EQ: How are genes responsible for the variety of organisms that exist?

3. Think-pair-share talk with your partner about why these puppies look different. Hypothesize why some look similar to the mom and some look different?

4. Understanding Genetics
Genetics – study of heredity and variations of inherited characteristics
Gene- Piece of DNA that provides instructions for making protein

5. Understanding Genetics
Inheritance- how characteristic and genes are passed from parent to child
Heredity- the passing of traits from parent to offspring through genetics

6. Understanding Genetics
Genotype
Phenotype
The genetic makeup of a specific set of genes
Represented with letters
An organism’s physical characteristics
Can have same phenotype but DIFFERENT genotype

7. Types of Alleles
Dominant Allele
Recessive Allele
Stronger of the two alleles
Will always be expressed if present- only needs 1 copy
Capital letter
Expressed only when two copies of the allele are present
Lowercase letter

8. Allele Any of the alternative forms of a gene;
two alleles for each gene (one on each homologous chromosome)
Each letter in the genotype represents one allele
Two Types: Dominant & Recessive
Combinations: Homozygous Dominant, Homozygous Recessive,
Heterozygous
Each parent passes one copy of each trait to their offspring

9. Homo = Same
Homozygous
Describes two of the same alleles at the same locus (point)
2 dominant alleles (HH) is homozygous Dominant
2 recessive alleles (hh) is homozygous recessive

10. Heterozygous Hetero = different
Describes two different alleles at the same locus (point)
(Hh)
Carrier: a heterozygous individual who has one recessive allele; doesn’t have the disease, but can pass the recessive allele to offspring

11. P.S. - use appropriate scientific terminology, always!
allele combinations
Heterozygous (Hh)
Homozygous Dom.
(HH)
Homozygous Rec
(hh)
Heterozygous
Homozygous dominant
Homozygous recessive
Based on what you know about allele combinations, describe the genotype of each pair of homologous chromosomes above.
P.S. - use appropriate scientific terminology, always!

12. Check for Understanding
Determine whether the following is a genotype of a phenotype:
Brown Hair
PHENOTYPE

13. Check for Understanding
Determine whether the following is a genotype of a phenotype:
An individual has recessive alleles for a gene
GENTOTYPE

14. Check for Understanding
A particular allele codes for the shape of a pea. The letter “r” is used to represent this allele. The dominant form is a round form, the recessive form is wrinkled:
What is the genotype of homozygous dominant? RR

15. Check for Understanding
A particular allele codes for the shape of a pea. The letter “r” is used to represent this allele. The dominant form is a round form, the recessive form is wrinkled:
What is the phenotype of homozygous dominant?
ROUND

16. Check for Understanding
A particular allele codes for the shape of a pea. The letter “r” is used to represent this allele. The dominant form is a round form, the recessive form is wrinkled:
What is the genotype of homozygous recessive? rr

17. Check for Understanding
A particular allele codes for the shape of a pea. The letter “r” is used to represent this allele. The dominant form is a round form, the recessive form is wrinkled:
What is the phenotype of homozygous recessive?
Wrinkled

18. Check for Understanding
A particular allele codes for the shape of a pea. The letter “r” is used to represent this allele. The dominant form is a round form, the recessive form is wrinkled:
What is the genotype of heterozygous dominant? Rr

19. What did Gregor Mendel say when he founded genetics?
Father of Genetics
Studied patterns of inheritance using pea plants
Developed three laws of inheritance
Law of Dominance
Law of segregation
Law of Independent assortment
What did Gregor Mendel say when he founded genetics? 
Woo-pea! 

20. Mendel’s law of Dominance
When a dominant and a recessive allele are present (Hh) in an organism’s genotype, the dominant allele will mask the recessive allele in the phenotype.
Dominant trait will always show if present

21. Mendel’s law of segregation
During the production of gametes, two copies of each gene (allele) separate so that offspring acquire one allele from each parent.
Recall: what process produces gametes?

22. Law of Independent Assortment
Inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of a second trait
Traits are inherited independently

23. How can two yellow peas form from green peas?

24. Punnett squares A tool used to predict inheritance
Parents genotypes are on the outside
possible genotypes of offspring inside the grid box

25. Analyzing inheritance
Monohybrid cross- Examines the inheritance of one specific trait

26. Punnett squares r r R Rr Rr R Rr Rr
We will use R for the dominant allele (red color) and r for the recessive allele (white color). Identify the alleles that make up the genotype of each parent.
Plant 1 = RR, Plant 2 = rr
Then separate and distribute them along the top and left side of the square. (Law of Segregation)
Complete the cross by placing
two alleles in each box based
on the outsides of the box r r R Rr Rr R Rr Rr

27. Offspring possibilities
What are the possible genotypes?
All heterozygous (Rr).
What are the possible phenotypes?
All red flowers.
Ratio?
Pheno
Dom: Rec ( 4:0 )
Geno
Homo dom: Hetero: Homo Rec
0:4:0

28. Inheritance practice- minion genetics
C – level 2 voice
H- ask three before me
A- work on creating your minion based on the possible genetics
M- remain seated at your table
P – complete your own minion genetics
Success!

29. EXIT Ticket
Using the terms and ideas you learned today, justify how it is possible for two parents with straight hair (dom.) to have a child with curly hair (recessive)