1. Body Organization (pg 119)
List and describe the properties of life.
Describe the organization of the body from the smallest unit to the largest.
List the structures of the human cell and describe the functions of each.
Briefly describe the four main types of tissues in the body.
List the 12 body systems and a brief description.

2. Body Organization Anatomy Physiology Study of structure of the body
Study of function of the body

3. Body Structures Organized on four levels Cells Smallest unit
Vary in shape and size
Perform various functions

4. Body Structures Tissues Combinations of similar cells
Composed of 60-99% water

5. Body Structures
Organs
Tissues working together
Heart
Stomach
Lungs

6. Body Structures
Body systems
Organs working together

7. Cells
Most basic unit of life

8. Cell Functions Take in food and oxygen Produce heat and energy
Move and adapt to environment
Eliminate waste
Perform special functions
Reproduce

9. Cell membrane Completely surrounds cell Semi permeable
Selective in allowing certain substances to either enter or exit the cell

10. Cytoplasm Jelly-like substance within cell
Contains nutrients, water, pigment
Site for all chemical reactions

11. Nucleus Surrounded by a nuclear membrane containing pores
Controls vital functions of metabolism, growth, and reproduction of the cell
Contain cell’s DNA which determines physical characteristics

12. Nucleolus Located within nucleus Important in cell reproduction
Ribosomes formed to aid in production of protein
Exist freely in cytoplasm or attached to endoplasmic reticulum

13. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Continuation of outer nuclear membrane
Tubular structures allows for transport of material in and out of nucleus
Rough ER: synthesis and storage of proteins
Smooth ER: synthesis of lipids and membrane proteins

14. Centrosomes
Produce microtubules responsible for separating replicated chromosomes into two daughter cells

15. Mitochondria “Powerhouse” of cell
Release energy responsible for chemical reactions within cell
Recycle and decompose fats and carbs to produce ATP

16. Golgi Apparatus Staci of membrane layers
Produces, stores, and packages secretions for discharge from the cell

17. Lysosomes
Aid in digestion of nutrients, old cells, and foreign material

18. Vacuole Membrane-bound sacs
Used for storage, intracellular digestion, waste removal

19. Cell Division Meiosis Cellular division of human reproductive organs
Specific for ovaries and testes only

20. Cell Division Mitosis Cellular division for all other body cells
i.e. skin

21. Tissues Formed by group of similar cells Epithelial tissue
Main tissue of skin
Lines body cavities and passageways leading to outside of body
Forms glands which produce hormones

22. Tissues Connective tissue Supports and connects other tissues and part
Soft connective tissue
Adipose
Blood
Hard connective tissue
Bone and
Cartilage
Ligaments

23. Tissues Nerve tissue Made of neurons
Carries information between brain and body
Composed of brain, nerves, and spinal cord

24. Tissues Muscle tissue Responsible for body movement Three types
Skeletal
Attached to bones for movement
voluntary
Cardiac
Causes heart to contract
involuntary

25. Tissues
Visceral (smooth)
Found mainly in organs
involuntary

26. Organs
Formed by combining of two or more tissues to perform a specific function
Combining of body structures to perform a common function is a SYSTEM

27. Body Systems Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Respiratory Cover body
Lines body cavities
Skeletal
Framework of support/protection
Muscular
Controls movement of body
Respiratory
Exhange of gases between air and blood

28. Body Systems Urinary Digestive Nervous Endocrine
Filters blood an removes waste
Digestive
Process food and eliminate waste
Nervous
Regulates activities of all body systems
Endocrine
Coordinates through hormones

29. Body Systems Sensory Reproductive Lymphatic Perception of environment
Provides for reproduction
Lymphatic
Fight disease