1. Minimally invasive mammary artery Doppler flow velocity evaluation in minimally invasive coronary operations 
Antonio M. Calafiore, MD, Sabina Gallina, MD, Angela Iacò, MD, Giovanni Teodori, MD, Teresa Iovino, MD, Gabriele Di Giammarco, MD, Valerio Mazzei, MD, Giuseppe Vitolla, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 66, Issue 4, Pages (October 1998)
DOI: /S (98)

2. Fig 1
Doppler flow velocity evaluation in a patient with an occluded conduit, at rest (A) and during the Azoulay maneuver (B).
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

3. Fig 2
Doppler flow velocity evaluation in a patient with normal early angiographic control (A), at rest (B) and during the Azoulay maneuver (C). The diastolic velocities, greater than the systolic ones at rest, increase further during the Azoulay maneuver. Peak and mean diastolic to systolic velocity ratios are more than 1 in every patient.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

4. Fig 3
Doppler flow velocity evaluation in a patient with severe left internal mammary artery kinking (A). Diastolic velocities, lower than the systolic ones at rest (B), do not increase during the Azoulay maneuver (C). Peak and mean diastolic to systolic velocity ratios are less than 1 in all patients.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )

5. Fig 4
Same patient as in Figure 3 four months after the first angiography. The left internal mammary artery shape became normal (A). Doppler flow velocity evaluation at rest was similar to the one shown in Figure 3 (B); however, during the Azoulay maneuver (C), peak diastolic velocity increased from 0.14 to 0.28 m/sec and mean diastolic velocity increased from 0.10 to 0.21 m/sec.
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (98) )