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Evolution of Music: Part 1
by Dr. Jon K. Loessin Wharton County Junior College
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Georgian Chants *The roots of the Georgian music can be found in the third millennium BC. This is confirmed by archaeological findings, such as three-hole pipe made of swan shin bone. In the ancient period 7 hole-pipes, lyres, bag-pipes, banduras, drums etc. were already in use. *Georgian sacred and secular music has a rich and complex history, relatively little of which is documented in any depth in English. Very strikingly, Georgian music uses an ancient system of polyphony, usually in three parts, and a unique tuning system conceived outside of what the western ear is used to. It makes a great use of parallel motion and dissonance (and usually ending in a unison pitch). Therefore, you are hearing tone pairings that speak a different musical vocabulary. Populus Sion
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Gothic Era Music Gothic—A term often used to refer to the late middle ages (a.d ) Examples: Organum Viderunt omnes (abt. 1160) Roman de Fauvel (abt.1250)
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Music of the Royal Courts: The Renaissance Period
13th-16 centuries Composers include Giovanni Palestrina and William Byrd
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The Baroque Period: 17th Century
--Birth of “modern” music for the era --Represented an awakening in musical composition --Sophistication and repetition of harmony through an aesthetic emotional method Composers include Antonio Vivaldi ( ), Johann Sebastian Bach ( ), and Georg Frideric Handel ( )
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Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750)
MAJOR COMPOSITIONS: The Brandenburg Concertos; Concertos for Violin
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George Frideric Handel (1685-1759)
MAJOR COMPOSITIONS: Messiah; Arrival of the Queen of Sheba; Love in Bath; Water Music
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The Classical Period: 18th Century
Composers included the great master composers like Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart ( Austria) and Ludwig von Beethoven ( Germany)
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Beethoven and Mozart Beethoven Compositions include:
Symphony No. 5 and Für Elise Mozart’s works include: Eine kleine Nachtmusik and Turkish March
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The Romantic Period: Dominated the 19th Century
Divided into the early romantic, romantic, and late romantic periods, but dominated by the music of the German composer Richard Wagner ( )
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Other Romantic Period Composers
Franz Schubert ( ) Frederik Chopin ( ) Johann Strauss II ( ) Johannes Brahms ( ) Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky ( ) The 19th century also witnessed the Post-Romantic (like Gustav Mahler), Modern Romantic (like Sergei Rachmaninov) , and Expressionist composers (like Maurice Ravel)
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Maurice Ravel ( ) Ravel became famous for what some say is the most sensual and erotic musical composition of all time: Bolero It is so synonymous with Ravel it is usually referred to as Ravel’s Bolero
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