1. Understanding Beta & R-squared – By Prof. Simply Simple TM
Beta is a statistical measure that shows how sensitive a fund is to market moves. Thus is the sensex moves up 25%, a fund’s beta will tell you whether the fund’s returns will be more than 25% or less than 25%.

2. The beta value of an index itself is taken as one
The beta value of an index itself is taken as one. Equity funds can have beta values which can be above one, less than one or equal to one. By multiplying the beta value of a fund with the expected percentage movement of an index, the expected movement in the fund can be determined.

3. Thus if a fund has a beta of 1
Thus if a fund has a beta of 1.2 and the market is expected to move up by 10%, the fund should move up by 12% (1.2x 10). Similarly if the market loses 10%, the fund should lose 12%.

4. This shows that a fund with a beta of more than 1 will rise more than the market and also fall more than the market.
Therefore if your prime concern is safety, a fund with a beta of less than 1 is a better option. Such a fund may not gain much more when the market gains but it will protect better when market falls.

5. But there is a catch. The problem is that the beta depends on the index used to calculate it. It can happen that the index bears no correlation with the fund movement. Thus if the beta is calculated for large cap fund against a midcap index, the resulting value will have no meaning. This is because the fund will not move in tandem with the index. Hence it is essential to look at R-squared along with the beta.

6. R-squared is a statistical measure that represents the percentage of a fund’s movements that can be explained by movements in a benchmark index. It is thus a correlation between a fund and its benchmark

7. For fixed income securities, the benchmark is T-Bill
For fixed income securities, the benchmark is T-Bill. For equities, the benchmark is the BSE Sensex of NSE Nifty. The R-squared shows how reliable the beta number is. It varies between zero and one. An R-squared of one indicates perfect correlation with the index. Thus an index fund investing in the sensex should have a R-squared value of 1 when compared to the Sensex

8. For equity diversified funds, an R-squared value greater than 0
For equity diversified funds, an R-squared value greater than 0.8 is generally accepted to mean that the underlying beta value is reliable.
A high R-squared (between 0.85 and1) indicates the fund’s performance patterns have been in line with the index.
A fund with a low R-squared (0.7 and less) doesn’t act much like the index.

9. High volatility. Gains higher than index. Losses too higher than index
Beta and R-squared should be used together when examining a fund’s risk profile.
Better risk adjusted returns. Gains lower than index. Loss lesser than index
High volatility. Gains higher than index. Losses too higher than index
No correlation to underlying beta
High R-squared
Low R-squared
Low Beta
High Beta

10. Hope you have understood the concept of ‘Beta and R-squared’.

11. Please send your feedback to professor@tataamc.com
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12. Disclaimer
The views expressed in these lessons are for information purposes only and do not construe to be of any investment, legal or taxation advice. They are not indicative of future market trends, nor is Tata Asset Management Ltd. attempting to predict the same. Reprinting any part of this presentation will be at your own risk and Tata Asset Management Ltd. will not be liable for the consequences of any such action.