1. Angioscopy guided semiclosed technique for in situ bypass
Glenn M. LaMuraglia, MD, Richard P. Cambria, MD, David C. Brewster, MD, William M. Abbott, MD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 12, Issue 5, Pages (November 1990)
DOI: / (90)90020-B
Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Schematic of the semiclosed technique with the two incisions through which the angioscope (femoral) and valvulotome (distal) are passed. Under direct visualization the valvulotome incises the valve leaflet. Bleeding from a side branch can be noted when the irrigation fluid is discontinued.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (90)90020-B)
Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Sequence of valve lysis. A, The first leaflet is engaged. B, It is incised (note the greater distance away the valvulotome is with the mancuver). C, The second valve leaflet is engaged, and D, The resulting incompetent valve is shown.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (90)90020-B)
Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Back-bleeding into the lumen of a venous side branch when the irrigation fluid is discontinued.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( / (90)90020-B)
Copyright © 1990 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions