1. Late 19th Century Industrialization
Fill in missing information and add additional details from lecture
Late 19th Century Industrialization
The “Second Industrial Revolution”
Orzechowski/US History

2. Post Civil War Industrialization
In 1865, most Americans
By 1900, most Americans 
Lit their homes with candles or oil lamps
Kept food in an ice box
Waited up to a month for letters to cross the country
Travelled by horse and buggy
Lit their homes with electric lamps
Kept food in a refrigerator 
Sent news by telegraph or telephone 
Some travelled by automobile  

3. Capitalism
Capitalism: an economic system in which factories, equipment, land, etc is privately owned
Requires people willing to invest $$$$$

4. Explosion of Industrial Growth
Companies developed new ways of operating:
New ways to manage work
Machinery, mass production → less demand for skilled workers
Assembly line
Result: increased productivity, cheaper goods, fewer workers needed

5. Explosion of Industrial Growth
Companies developed new ways of operating:
2. New ways to finance and organize business
Corporations formed 
Monopolies and trusts were created 

6. Government Involvement in Business
Pure capitalism = no government involvement
Regulation by the market, not government
Laissez faire = French for “allow to do”
Social Darwinism

7. Government Involvement in Business
Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890
Passed by Congress
Outlawed monopolies and trusts
Lacked enforcement

8. Industrial Expansion Booming economy and consumer society
US becomes one of the most powerful nations in the world

9. The Gilded Age From Mark Twain Late 19th century
Gilded = covered thinly with gold leaf or gold paint
Shiny = wealth, booming economy, access to goods and services
Not so shiny underneath = awful working conditions, no protection for workers, no child labor laws

10. Beginning of Labor Movement
Union = group of workers organized to protect the interests of its members
Much of a union’s power came from the threat of a strike

11. Mixed Success for Labor Unions
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Mixed Success for Labor Unions
Setbacks
Government usually sided with business
Passed laws friendly to business, sent troops to break up strikes
Violent strikes turned public against unions
Radicalism
Haymarket Affair – Chicago, 1886 strikers fought with scabs, police fired shots to break up fights, anarchists called for a meeting, police showed up, someone threw a bomb and police were killed, police fired killing 4. Workers sided with anarchists, labor leaders backed away
Homestead Strike: 1892: hired security guards showed up to protect company against a strike; battle; strikers took over the town; state militia was called; non union workers called inl union shut out for 40 years
Pullman Strike: 1894: government supported management against striking workers; many workers were in debt to the company, Pullman cut wages, not not rents or other costs, workers went on strike, refusing to handle trains with Pullman cars; President Cleveland sent troops to break up strike
Orzechowski/US History

12. Mixed Success for Labor Unions
Fill in missing information and add additional details from lecture
Mixed Success for Labor Unions
Gains
Better wages and work hours for union and nonunion workers
54 hours/week → 49 hours/week
$17.60/week → $21.30
Unskilled workers (white women, African Americans, new immigrants) still struggled
Won recognition of worker rights
Haymarket Affair – Chicago, 1886 strikers fought with scabs, police fired shots to break up fights, anarchists called for a meeting, police showed up, someone threw a bomb and police were killed, police fired killing 4. Workers sided with anarchists, labor leaders backed away
Homestead Strike: 1892: hired security guards showed up to protect company against a strike; battle; strikers took over the town; state militia was called; non union workers called inl union shut out for 40 years
Pullman Strike: 1894: government supported management against striking workers; many workers were in debt to the company, Pullman cut wages, not not rents or other costs, workers went on strike, refusing to handle trains with Pullman cars; President Cleveland sent troops to break up strike
Orzechowski/US History