1. Impact of IoT/AI in Agriculture
Raunaque M Quaiser

2. Why IoT / AI in Agriculture ?
India is the second most populated country in the world with nearly a fifth of the world's population
Effect of Climate change has deeper impact on agriculture
Arable land has come down over the years
Several studies have indicated use of technology to improve the yield
Population in India (million)
Arable land in India (sq km)
source : tradingeconomics.com

3. Market Reports
According to the new market research report "Smart Agriculture Market by Hardware and Network Platform (GPS/GNSS Devices, Sensor Monitoring Systems, and Gateway/Router), Service (Connectivity, System Integrator, Supply Chain Management), Software, Application, and Geography -  Global Forecast to 2022", the smart agriculture market is estimated to reach USD Billion by 2022, at a CAGR of 13.8% between and 2022
The factors which are driving the Smart agriculture market include the increasing adoption of technology in agriculture, global increase in the food demand, and assistance in monitoring livestock performance and health

4. Challenges Most of the farmers have limited literacy
As the climate is changing rapidly, our farmers need to be updated
Soil richness is deteriorating because of inappropriate use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides
Most optimal use of water and other resources
Generic fertilizers used for all types of soils

5. Where IoT can be used ? Monitoring Irrigation Automation
Monitoring of temperature, soil moisture with sensors
Use fertilizers when necessary and of correct type according to crop and soil
Facts based decision
Irrigation
Watering the fields based on soil moisture
Amount of water to be released
Remotely operated irrigation system
Automation
Automation with the use of sensors and IoT Technology
Drone based survey of fields
Improved harvesting techniques for crop readiness and detection
Image source :

6. Which technologies (1/2) ?
There are different sensors and communication technologies are available so it becomes challenge to identify the relevant ones
Low Power Communication Technologies
LoRA : Long Range, Deep indoor coverage and Star Network Topology
SigFox : Long Range, Lightweight protocol and Star Network Topology
NB-IoT : Long Range, Wide area coverage , Tower based or Start Topology
BLE-Mesh : Short Range, Personal Area network and Local Area network , Point to Point, One to Many and Mesh Topology
ZigBee : Short Range, Point to Point, One to Many and Mesh Topology
Sigfox and LoRaWAN excel on network capacity, devices lifetime, and cost while NB-IoT excels in quality of service and latency
BLE radios are available on mobile phone which is a competitive edge for BLE over ZigBee

7. Which technologies (2/2) ?
There are different types of sensor
Generic sensors such as Temperature, Humidity and Moisture sensors
Specific Sensors for macro-nutrients such as NPK (Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potassium)
Air temperature, humidity, light, soil temperature and soil moisture are primary concerns for smaller farmers
Motion sensors, GPS during the harvesting of the crops

8. How IoT can be used?
Edge Nodes : devices, nodes, and sensors that are actually placed in the farm land, fields, orchards that actually collects the data and sends over one of the connectivity technologies
Gateway : Physical hardware or piece of software on Mobile that allows data to transmit from the sensory device to the platform. The gateway can be assumed to be a data concentrator with improved network performance
Apps : Mobile Apps that allows the end user to view the data and take fact based decision
Security : SW/HW that protects your data as they are transmitted between nodes and gateway

9. AI in Agriculture
The next leap in Smart Agriculture will involve data collection and analysis
The installation of IoT devices will helps to accumulate and gather real time data
Analysis of data will lead to early predictions and mitigation plans
The amalgamation of IoT/AI will help to produce more with the same resources efficiently and effectively

10. Example Apps and Portal Soil report Sensor node put in Soil
Block diagram of setup
Apps and Portal
Soil report
Sensor node put in Soil

11. Way Forward
Promotion of the efficacy of technologies in the field of Agriculture as it is still in the nascent stage
Educating farmers for adopting these technologies
More hardware and software solutions in this field
Standardization and Interoperability of technologies

12. Thanks