1. History of the English Language
Lesson 4

2. Review
Where did English begin?
England
When did English begin?
400 AD

3. Review
Who are some of the groups who influenced our language during the Old English Layer?
Celts, Anglo-Saxons, and Vikings
What specific people influenced our language during the Old English Layer?
St. Augustine and Alfred the Great

4. Modern English Language Layers
Anglo-Saxon
20-25%
French/Latin
(Romance) 60%
Greek
10-12% (Other 3-4%)
Old English AD
400 AD - Celts
450 AD - Anglo-Saxon
597 AD - St. Augustine
787 AD - Vikings
878 AD - Alfred the Great
Words
Days of the week - Tuesday
Numbers
Colors - red, blue
Family - mother, father
Animals - deer, sheep
Religion - deacon, angel
one syllable (short words)

5. Review What languages influenced Middle English?
Anglo-Saxon, Latin, Greek, and French
What events impacted Middle English?
The Norman Conquest, the Renaissance,
the Great Vowel Shift, the printing press, William Shakespeare

6. Modern English Language Layers
Anglo-Saxon
20-25%
French/Latin
(Romance) 60%
Greek
10-12% (Other 3-4%)
Old English AD
400 AD - Celts
450 AD - Anglo-Saxon
597 AD - St. Augustine
787 AD - Vikings
878 AD - Alfred the Great
Words
Days of the week - Tuesday
Numbers
Colors - red, blue
Family - mother, father
Animals - deer, sheep
Religion - deacon, angel
one syllable (short words)
Middle English AD
1066 AD - William the Conqueror
The Battle of Hastings
AD - The Renaissance
1400’s - The Great Vowel Shift
The printing press
William Shakespeare
Government - chancellor, liberty
Religion - communion, miracle
Court - judge, evidence, prison
Literature - poet, grammar
ti, si, & ci = (sh) - nation, special
pt and ct - adapt, direct
multisyllabic words (long words)

7. Invention of the Printing Press
Early Modern English began around 1500 AD with the invention of the printing press and lasted throughout the Renaissance.
The use of the printing press demanded a more standard way of written and spoken communication.

8. Early Modern English

9. How did the English language come to America?
Explorers, traders, missionaries, and settlers came to the New World…...America.
They brought words from their own languages to add to the English language.
As the New World grew, so did the American English language.

10. 1620
The Mayflower arrives in Cape Cod carrying the first of 2500 settlers from England.
Each group of settlers in the New World added to the English language.

11. Many phrases we use today actually come from Middle English or
Early Modern English.
I guess instead of I think
gotten instead of got
mad instead of angry
fall instead of autumn

12. 1700’s
British traders, missionaries, and explorers added new words to the English language as they explored and colonized in different parts of the world.
Many settlers came from different parts of the world and colonized what is now known as the United States of America.

13. 1776
Jefferson signed the Declaration of Independence freeing the United States from British rule.
American English language continued to change and become very different from the English of Britain.

14. aMERICAN wORDS FROM OTHER LANGUAGES
Native American
racoon
skunk
Alabama
Spanish
mustang
coyote
lasso
Dutch
cookie
coleslaw
boss
Italian
pasta
pizza
mafia
Yiddish
kosher
scram
Enjoy!
German
hoodlam
pretzel
delicatessen
African
canary
banana
yam
Indian
sugar
jungle
cashmere

15. Modern English
Present

16. 1828 - Webster published the American English Dictionary.
The Industrial Revolution made Britain the leader of all countries in trade.

17. The British needed a new dictionary to describe all the new words in the language, so the New English Dictionary was compiled.
1900’s - The British Empire crumbled, but the language remained strong because of electronic communication.

18. 1922 - British Broadcasting Corporation opened and broadcast to the world in English.
1900’s - Many new words that were once slang officially became a part of our language as they appear in the dictionary: jazz, supermarket, cappuccino, hippie, disco, microchip, punk, smiley, beatbox, bling.
The first network , written in English, connected the world.
The World Wide Web changed communication forever. Most of the information on the internet appears in English.

19. Present Time
English continues to change under the influences of other cultures and people, new inventions, slang, scientific discoveries, literature, science, and medicine.

20. Modern English Language Layers
Anglo-Saxon
20-25%
French/Latin
(Romance) 60%
Greek
10-12% (Other 3-4%)
Old English AD
400 AD - Celts
450 AD - Anglo-Saxon
597 AD - St. Augustine
787 AD - Vikings
878 AD - Alfred the Great
Words
Days of the week - Tuesday
Numbers
Colors - red, blue
Family - mother, father
Animals - deer, sheep
Religion - deacon, angel
one syllable (short words)
Middle English AD
1066 AD - William the Conqueror
The Battle of Hastings
AD - The Renaissance
1400’s - The Great Vowel Shift
The printing press
William Shakespeare
Government - chancellor, liberty
Religion - communion, miracle
Court - judge, evidence, prison
Literature - poet, grammar
ti, si, & ci = (sh) - nation, special
pt and ct - adapt, direct
multisyllabic words (long words)
Early Modern English
(Shakespeare)

21. Modern English Language Layers
Anglo-Saxon
20-25%
French/Latin
(Romance) 60%
Greek
10-12% (Other 3-4%)
Old English AD
400 AD - Celts
450 AD - Anglo-Saxon
597 AD - St. Augustine
787 AD - Vikings
878 AD - Alfred the Great
Words
Days of the week - Tuesday
Numbers
Colors - red, blue
Family - mother, father
Animals - deer, sheep
Religion - deacon, angel
one syllable (short words)
Middle English AD
1066 AD - William the Conqueror
The Battle of Hastings
AD - The Renaissance
1400’s - The Great Vowel Shift
The printing press
William Shakespeare
Government - chancellor, liberty
Religion - communion, miracle
Court - judge, evidence, prison
Literature - poet, grammar
ti, si, & ci = (sh) - nation, special
pt and ct - adapt, direct
multisyllabic words (long words)
Early Modern English
Modern English present
Printing press
Technical - telephone, photograph
Medical - thermometer, cardiology
Scientific- chemistry, atmosphere
ph = (f) - graph, phase
ch = (k) - chorus, Chrome
y = (ĭ) = gym, sympathy

22. Review How did the English language come to America?
Traders, missionaries, explorers, settlers, and pioneers
Why does Modern English continue to change today?
Other cultures, new inventions, slang, scientific discoveries, literature, technology, and medicine