1. CSD impairs interstitial/glymphatic flow.
CSD impairs interstitial/glymphatic flow. Interstitial/glymphatic flow was measured by the rate at which green 3 kDa FITC-dextran (FD) dye appeared in the parieto-occipital PVS after being injected into the frontal cortex of ubiquitously fluorescent red mice, here using the tdTomato-expressing Ai14Dx strain, exemplifying fluorophore versatility in this technique. a, Diagram of mouse skull showing where CSD was induced with a crystal of KCl, and 3 kDa FITC-dextran was injected (green electrode), along with the imaging window (blue circle). b, Parasagittal view showing location and spread of FD injection in relation to imaging site. c, d, Induction of two CSDs, one before injection and one 20 min after, caused PVS to close significantly for 40 min (c, red time points), and extended the time it took for FD to reach the imaging window by ∼40 min (d), and reduced total accumulation nearly fourfold (b; * denotes p < 0.05, n = 5 control; n = 6 CSD, see Materials and Methods). e, f, Orthogonal (xz) views of pial artery and its PVS taken before and after FD injection (green) in control (e) and CSD (f) mice. Note correlation between CSD-induced PVS closure and paucity of green dye in the PVS (f).
Aaron J. Schain et al. J. Neurosci. 2017;37:
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