1. Use of frozen semen to avoid human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission by donor insemination: a cost-effectiveness analysis 
Michael A Payne, M.S., Emmet J Lamb, M.D. 
Fertility and Sterility 
Volume 81, Issue 1, Pages (January 2004)
DOI: /j.fertnstert

2. FIGURE 1
Markov state transition diagram. A woman may make only one transition during a single cycle. She may stay in the same state or she may move from one state to another by an allowable transition, indicated by an arrow. The diagram has been simplified by omission of arrows returning to the same state. States to the left of the vertical bar have a 1-month cycle length and states to the right have a 1-year cycle length. All women eventually end in the dead state.
Payne. Reevaluating the need for frozen sperm. Fertil Steril 2004.
Fertility and Sterility  , 80-92DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )

3. FIGURE 2
Two-way sensitivity analyses of the relative cost and relative fecundity of frozen semen and fresh semen. Values for any pair of variables that are in the area below the diagonal line indicate that the choice of fresh semen is preferred. The baseline combination is indicated by an asterisk. If the cost of insemination with fresh semen were reduced by eliminating use of hMG for fresh semen only, the relative cost would be 2.2 and the preferred choice would always be fresh.
Payne. Reevaluating the need for frozen sperm. Fertil Steril 2004.
Fertility and Sterility  , 80-92DOI: ( /j.fertnstert )