1. Penetrating-vessel PVS closes with dynamics similar to those of surface vessels. a, b, Two optical planes from a three-dimensional image stack from a bAct-GFP mouse whose PVS was labeled with a nearby intracortical injection of TRD that includes a surface a...
Penetrating-vessel PVS closes with dynamics similar to those of surface vessels. a, b, Two optical planes from a three-dimensional image stack from a bAct-GFP mouse whose PVS was labeled with a nearby intracortical injection of TRD that includes a surface artery with a penetrating branch. a, A surface pial artery that branches (arrow) and penetrates into the cortex. b, Artery in a as seen 30 μm below surface. c, A Y-Z orthogonal reconstruction along the dotted line in a and b shows the path of the descending artery, and the shared PVS between the surface (arrow) and penetrating (arrowhead) vessel. d, Change in PVS of surface (black) and penetrating (gray) vessel, which was quantified as linear distance between the endothelium and parenchyma, and represented as fold change from average baseline size, in nondye-injected animals. PVS changes of surface and penetrating vessels occur with a similar time course, except that closure tends to occur earlier in penetrating vessels. At the zero time point (time of maximal surface artery constriction) penetrating PVS shows a significantly greater reduction than the pial surface PVS (*p = 0.002, paired t test, n = 3). e–g, CSD causes PVS closure for surface (e) and penetrating (f) artery (16 μm deeper; images of penetrating artery taken 7 s after images of surface artery were taken) in a dye-injected animal. Dotted circle in f is likely a macrophage that has taken up dye. Note that the 20 s time point shows nearly complete closure of penetrating artery PVS while surface PVS is still open. g, Color intensity (arbitrary units) profiles over the dotted line in f show how the Texas-red dextran within PVS of penetrating vessel becomes brighter as it is forced into a smaller volume. Representative of n = 3 dye-injected mice.
Aaron J. Schain et al. J. Neurosci. 2017;37:
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