1. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) &
Aquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDs)

2. HIV Infection Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
The virus that causes AIDs
Destroys infection fighting T cells- (WBC are the primary target)
Spread by infected persons through contact with certain body fluids
Pandemic- disease that spreads quickly through populations all over the world
5-10 yrs for HIV > AIDS if not receiving treatment

3. HIV Infects the Body
Helper T Cells- WBC activate immune response = primary target cells of HIV infection
Healthy people carry 500 – 1500 T cells in a mL of blood
Replication: process where HIV attaches to T cell and forces to make many copies of infection. New virus released after replication and attach to other new helper T cells.
Phase 1: asymptomatic stage
Phase 2: beginning or worsening of symptoms
Phase 3: beginning of AIDS (TC count <200)

4. *HIV Transmission*
Spread during sexual activity: vaginal, oral, anal w/ infected person
Sharing of needles, syringes etc
Infected mother to infant before or during birth OR breast feeding
Blood
Semen
Vaginal Secretions
Breast Milk

5. Cultural Discovered in US during 1980’s
Developed from Chimpanzees
10,000+ teens yrs old diagnosed w/ HIV in US- (4,000+ reported have developed AIDS)
Leading cause of death in sub-Saharan Africa
SS Africa: 28.1 mill.
South and Southeast Asia: 6.1 mill.
Latin America: 1.4 mill.

6. Ways HIV is transmitted:
Sexual Contact (many partners…)
Open Mouth Kissing- (1 case recorded by CDC)
Sharing needles or other drug equipment
Sharing needles for tattoos/piercing
Contact w/ blood or other fluids, mucous membranes, or broken skin
Perinatal transmission (15% - 30%)

7. Ways HIV is not transmitted:
Hugging
Holding hands
Coughing/sneezing
Sharing towels/combs
Being bitten by bugs
Donating blood
Swimming pool
Gym equipment

8. Symptoms May look and feel healthy (no symptoms) -Asymptomatic
Flu-like: fever, sore throat, skin rash, diarrhea, swollen glands, loss of appetite, and night sweats
These symptoms might come and go as T cell counts fluctuate
HIV antibody test is only way to determine if infected

9. HIV Testing
HIV antibody test usually detects HIV antibodies within 3-6 months after infection
ELISA: blood test used to check for antibodies for HIV. Repeated 2x to confirm
Western Blot: blood test to confirm ELISA
Used together = 99.9% correct
HIV+ = antibodies for HIV are present in the blood
Orasure: very accurate oral HIV test

10. Treatment for HIV/AIDs
NO CURE, treatment focuses on slowing the progression (Early treatment = critical)
Slows rate at which HIV multiplies which in turn delays progression of HIV to AIDs
Antiretroviral Drugs (3 classes):
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors- slow the process
Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

11. Treatment continued…
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART): Preferred treatment for HIV
Triple drug combination such as:
2 NRTIs and 1 PI
Eat healthful foods, get enough rest & sleep, exercise, and avoid alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs

12. Treatment during pregnancy
No way to determine for sure if a baby will be born HIV +
Zidovudine (AZT) = only drug proven to reduce risk of HIV transmission
Treatment should begin after 14th week of pregnancy and continue until delivery
During labor, AZT will be given to mother intravenously
After birth, baby receives AZT for first 6 wks