1. Biosafety Principles: Separation, Seclusion & Containment
Successfully differentiate concepts and apply specifications and standards
Tobias van Reenen

2. Contents SWINE FLU ISOLATION Contents: Definitions & Concepts
Transmission Routes
Biosafety Laboratories
Isolation Models
SWINE FLU
ISOLATION

3. Concepts and Definitions (Airborne Contamination Control)
Barrier Concept (ISO ):

4. Concepts and Definitions (Airborne Contamination Control)
Barrier Concept (ISO ):

5. Biosafety What is it? Infectious Microorganisms
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Biosafety
What is it?
DISCIPLINE in addressing the Safe Handling, Manipulation and Containment of:
Infectious Microorganisms
Hazardous Biological Materials
“safety from exposure to infectious agents”

6. Biosafety vs. Containment
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Biosafety vs. Containment
Lab Practices & Standards
Primary Safety Equipment (BSCs, PPE etc.)
Facility Design and Eng. Systems
Adapted from Office of Health and Safety, CDC

7. BSL- Standards & Regulations (R178 Table1)
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BSL- Standards & Regulations (R178 Table1)
R178 Table 1

8. Which BSL Classification?
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Which BSL Classification?
Risk Group (Biosafety Code)
Pathogenicity and infectious dose
Potential outcome of exposure
Natural route of infection
Other routes of infection – Lab manipulations?
Evidence of lab-acquired infections
Lab procedure risk?
Genetic manipulation of organism?
Effective prophylaxis or therapeutic interventions?
Dr PA Jensen CDC

9. 9/15/2019
Typical BSL Labs

10. 9/15/2019
Typical BSL Labs
WHO 2004

11. 9/15/2019
Typical BSL Labs
WHO 2004

12. Isolation Models Contact Infection Isolation Mixing Ventilation
Negative pressure with anteroom not required

13. Isolation Models Airborne Isolation
Negative pressure required for airborne infection patients
Positive pressure required for protective isolation
Exhaust must be discharged 3m away from other ventilation openings and windows

14. Isolation Models Measles TB SARS
Airborne Infection Isolation – Negative Pressure
Measles TB
SARS
Mixing ventilation
Negative pressure required
Anteroom preferred (space permitting)

15. Isolation Models Protective Isolation
Positive pressure for aseptic - protection of susceptible patients
“Bubble” or “Sink” anteroom for burns room (depending on adjacent spaces)
Bubble anteroom better protects burns patient
Higher risk of agent release during movement
Sink prevents burns sepsis from spreading to ICU

16. Isolation Models Ward level isolation is NOT appropriate
High Level Isolation (Viral Haemorrhagic Fevers)
Ward level isolation is NOT appropriate
Requires Dedicated
Staff
patient access routes
access to labs and
decontamination equipment

17. Design Tips: DOs and DON’Ts
4-MOST DON‘Ts:
Don’t use dual pressure isolation units
Don’t share ventilation systems or electrical conduits with other wards
Don’t use swing doors in units without anterooms
Don’t HEPA filter exhaust unless:
respiratory protection is prescribed for that isolation model
and safe exhaust is not possible

18. Design Tips: DOs and DON’Ts
Interlock supply and exhaust systems
Use pressure gradients of > 10 Pa
Combined fluctuations and gauge errors can exceed 10 Pa
Use visual air-pressure indicators
Hang sliding doors outside room
Use automatic door closers but avoid PIR door openers

19. Dr PA Jensen (US CDC)
Edwina Fleming

20.
RSA Act R1390: REGULATIONS FOR HAZARDOUS BIOLOGICAL AGENTS
RSA Act R178: REGULATIONS RELATING TO THE REGISTRATION OF MICROBIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES AND THE ACQUISITION, IMPORTATION, HANDLING, MAINTENANCE AND SUPPLY OF HUMAN PATHOGENS
Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories – 5th Ed (US CDC 2009)
Laboratory Biosafety Manual– (WHO 2013)

21. Tobias van Reenen (tvreenen@csir.co.za)