1. RNA and Transcription

2. The Central Dogma
States: Genetic information flows in one direction from DNA to RNA to proteins.
replication
transcription
Includes 3 processes:
Replication
Transcription
Translation
translation
RNA is the link between DNA and proteins.

3. Ribonucleic Acid Single nucleotide strand Sugar: Ribose 4 Bases:
A: Adenine
G: Guanine
C: Cytosine
U: Uracil
U replaces T
Three Types of RNA

4. Messenger RNA AKA: mRNA
Function: Copies a section of DNA (gene) and travels to a ribosome
Link between DNA and proteins
Allows ribosome to create a protein
Location: Starts in nucleus… moves to ribosome

5. Transfer RNA
Amino acid
Proline
Amino acid
Serine
AKA: tRNA
Function: Transfers amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome
Ribosome will link amino acids together to form a protein
Location: Cytoplasm

6. Ribosomal RNA Location: Cytoplasm AKA: rRNA
Function: components of ribosomes
Location: Cytoplasm

7. Transcription U| C| A| A| U| C| A| U| U| C| G| G| G|
Defined: Process of making mRNA from a sequence of DNA
Step 1: RNA Polymerase separates the DNA nucelotides
Step 2: Free floating RNA nucleotides match with the DNA
Reminder: U replaces T
Step 3: mRNA breaks free
Step 4: mRNA processing takes place
Unused portions (introns) are removed and the used portions (exons) bond together
Step 5: Final mRNA strand travels to ribosome
Step 6: DNA recombines to be used again G| C| A| A| G| U| C| A| U| U| C|

8. Transcription Animation
flash animation

9. Step 5 & 6: mRNA travels to ribosome and DNA reconnects
Step 2: Free floating mRNA
nucleotides match up
Step 1: RNA polymerase splits the DNA
Step 4: mRNA Processing (exons bond together)
Step 3: mRNA breaks free
RNA
polymerase

10. Transcription Video

11. DNA & RNA Comparison DNA vs. RNA Replication vs. Transcription
# of strands: Two (Double)
Sugar: Deoxyribose
Bases: A T C G
Location: Nucleus
# of strands: One (Single)
Sugar: Ribose
Bases: A U C G
Location: Nucleus & Cytoplasm
Replication vs Transcription
Enzymes: DNA Helicase and DNA Polymerase
Base pairing rules:
A=T, G=C
Copies: DNA
Only one copy of DNA is made
Location: Nucleus
Enzymes: RNA Polymerase
Base pairing rules:
A=U, G=C
Copies: a gene
Many copies and types of RNA are made
Location: Nucleus

12. Review Name three different ways that DNA and RNA differ. Which RNA:
is found inside the nucleus?
transports amino acids to the ribosome?
exits the nucleus to the ribosome?
copies the DNA code?
makes up the structure of ribosomes?
Perform transcription by using the following piece of DNA. Introns are underlined. Write the final strand of mRNA created.
T A C C G T A C A A T G G G A T C