2. I. Background
Post-WWII the European countries that had colonies throughout the world could no longer afford to keep them and slowly began to give up their territorial possessions
- Colonies that did not make money were abandoned 1st

3. African Independence Movements

4. A. Ghana 1st African colony to gain independence in 1957
Kwame Nkrumah led peaceful demonstrations and boycotts to end British rule

5. Right when France gave up on Vietnam - poor France!
B. Algeria
Right when France gave up on Vietnam - poor France!
Algerian War between with France and the Algerian Liberation Front
High death count and very violent

6. C. Kenya Mau Mau Rebellion against
British rule, lasted 7 years, too much
violence
Jomo Kenyatta was imprisoned by Brits
because he didn’t stop rebellion, but when
Britain gave up colony in 1963, he
became their
1st president

7. D. Congo
Originally created under Leopold II as Belgium Congo then Congo Free State
Went through several civil wars, the last in 1997 in which it divided country
Republic of the Congo
Democratic Republic of the Congo

8. Young soldiers training
Refugees fleeing area where 2 warlords are trying to seize power
Young soldiers training

9. E. South Africa End of 2nd Boer War created Union of South
Africa under British control
gained self-rule in 1910 under all white gov’t
and then in 1948 the National Party took over
gov’t
a. then created a system of segregation
known as “Apartheid”,
which limited all
aspects of the Africans’ lives

10. African National Congress (ANC) led by Nelson Mandela protested, but he was then imprisoned and some leaders like Stephen Biko were killed
In 1989, new president FW DeKlerk
was elected; he legalized the
ANC, freed Mandela
5. In 1994, the first all-race elections were
held and the people elected Nelson
Mandela.

12. III. Southeast Asia Philippines gained sovereignty from US
Sri Lanka, Burma, Malaysia and Singapore gained freedom from Great Britain
Indonesia gained independence from France and Netherlands

14. India Independence Movement

15. A. Under British rule had 2 groups
1. Hindus in Indian National Congress
2. Muslims in Muslim League
B. Gandhi led many non-violent demonstrations
1. Salt March, peaceful march against
Britain’s salt tax, protest, boycotts
2. Quit India Campaign – remove British rule
where he fasted for a month
3. He was assassinated in 1948

17. In 1947 Britain split land into 2 parts: India for Hindus and
Pakistan for Muslims
a. Fought over land known as
Kashmir, UN will step in and give
land to both sides
D. Pakistan will split in a civil war
1. West remained Pakistan
2. East gained independence and
became known as Bangladesh