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Electroconvulsive Therapy
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Depressive Episode Most typical Symptoms: Other common symptoms:
reduced concentration and attention disturbed sleep reduced appetite reduced self-esteem and self-confidence ideas of guilt and unworthiness pessimistic views of the future ideas or acts of self-harm or suicide
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Four Types of Depressive Episodes
Mild depressive episode: patient is usually distressed by symptoms difficult to continue with ordinary work and social activities not stop to function completely 2. Moderate depressive episode: patient will have considerable difficulty in continuing with social, work or domestic activities Four Types of Depressive Episodes
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Four Types of Depressive Episodes
Severe depressive episode: very unlikely to continue with social, work or domestic activities Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms: criteria given form severe depressive episode plus delusions, hallucinations or depressive stupor patient awake, but does not react on stimulation Four Types of Depressive Episodes
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Other Mood Affective Disorders
Recurrent depressive disorder repeated sequences of single depressive episodes recovery in between the episodes Bipolar affective disorder swings between depressive and manic episodes Patient often develops a psychosis Other Mood Affective Disorders
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Other Mood Affective Disorders
Persistent mood disorders long lasting disorders of mood can split up into: Cyclothymia Dysthymia Other Mood Affective Disorders
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Schizophrenia
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Psychological Therapies
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT): one of the most effective treatments change of thoughts and behavior by teaching to think rationally about difficulties Interpersonal therapy (IPT): focuses on problems in personal relationships Psychological Therapies
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Psychological Therapies
Behaviour therapy: reversing patterns of avoidance, withdrawal and inactivity Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT): group therapy which encourage to notice the feelings of sadness and negative thinking patterns early on before they become fixed Psychological Therapies
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Antidepressant medication
medical treatment antidepressants prescribed when other treatments have not been successful rebalance the chemicals and signals in the brain take at least 2 weeks until they help Medical Therapies Antidepressant medication
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Antidepressant medication
1. Two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increases the level of serotonin, which is a natural “happiness hormone” less side effects 2. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) used to treat moderate to severe depression raising the level of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain to lift up the mood Medical Therapies Antidepressant medication
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Antidepressant medication
Side Effects: anxiety dry mouth weight gain sweating dizziness headaches Medical Therapies Antidepressant medication
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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
electrodes placed on scalp finely controlled electrical current current cause a short seizure Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
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Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT) magnetic field is created by a device held above the head Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) uses a surgical implanted device which stimulates electrically the vagus nerve
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Side Effects memory loss physical side effects
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Procedure cluff placed around the ankle to stop the muscle relaxant medication from entering the foot mouthguard to protect teeth & tongue
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APPROACHING THE FINISH LINE! Thanks
by Maxi Blei, Jill Dorozalla and Nina Ziegeldecker
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Beyond Blue. https://www. beyondblue. org
Beyond Blue. (accessed Juni 8, 2019). NHS. (accessed Juni 8, 2019). Robert Koch Institut. (accessed Juni 8., 2019). Robert Koch Institut. (accessed Juni 9., 2019). Rogel Cancer Center. (accessed Juni 7, 2019). WebMD. (accessed Juni 7, 2019). World Health Organization. (accessed Juni 8., 2019). Sources
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Sources (Pictures) https://www.pinterest.ie/pin/615374736553549431/
nursing-notes/electroconvulsive-therapy-ect/ 8703/ diese-35-medikamente-sollten-sie-besser-nicht-kaufen html Sources (Pictures)
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https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-diseases/depression
shell/amp wjNke2A- _PiAhXKGuwKHdl0CeoQjRx6BAgBEAU&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hopkinsmedicine.org %2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fhow-ect-relieves- depression&psig=AOvVaw0MU8Or7GYkxUFTrDqs6lMp&ust= images-fdp-etpr.jpg d&biw=1152&bih=526&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=D2AJXbbmOLXCxgOV5pyAAg&q=memory+l oss&oq=memory+loss&gs_l=img.3..0j0i30l j14j gws-wiz-img i39j0i67.hEEBwIqHpXE#imgrc=TVY1TnDDkQ2Y1M: alleviate-cluster-headaches-migraine-pain Sources (Pictures)
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