1. Electroconvulsive Therapy

3. Depressive Episode Most typical Symptoms: Other common symptoms:
reduced concentration and attention
disturbed sleep
reduced appetite
reduced self-esteem and self-confidence
ideas of guilt and unworthiness
pessimistic views of the future
ideas or acts of self-harm or suicide

4. Four Types of Depressive Episodes
Mild depressive episode:
patient is usually distressed by symptoms
difficult to continue with ordinary work and social activities
not stop to function completely
2. Moderate depressive episode:
patient will have considerable difficulty in continuing with social, work or domestic activities
Four Types of Depressive Episodes

5. Four Types of Depressive Episodes
Severe depressive episode:
very unlikely to continue with social, work or domestic activities
Severe depressive episode with psychotic symptoms:
criteria given form severe depressive episode
plus delusions, hallucinations or depressive stupor
patient awake, but does not react on stimulation
Four Types of Depressive Episodes

6. Other Mood Affective Disorders
Recurrent depressive disorder 
repeated sequences of single depressive episodes
recovery in between the episodes
Bipolar affective disorder 
swings between depressive and manic episodes
Patient often develops a psychosis
Other Mood Affective Disorders

7. Other Mood Affective Disorders
Persistent mood disorders 
long lasting disorders of mood
can split up into:
 Cyclothymia
 Dysthymia
Other Mood Affective Disorders

8. Schizophrenia

9. Psychological Therapies
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT):
one of the most effective treatments
change of thoughts and behavior by teaching to think rationally about difficulties
Interpersonal therapy (IPT):
focuses on problems in personal relationships
Psychological Therapies

10. Psychological Therapies
Behaviour therapy:
reversing patterns of avoidance, withdrawal and inactivity
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT):
group therapy which encourage to notice the feelings of sadness and negative thinking patterns early on before they become fixed
Psychological Therapies

11. Antidepressant medication
medical treatment  antidepressants
prescribed when other treatments have not been successful
rebalance the chemicals and signals in the brain
take at least 2 weeks until they help
Medical Therapies
Antidepressant medication

12. Antidepressant medication
1. Two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
increases the level of serotonin, which is a natural “happiness hormone”
less side effects
2. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)
used to treat moderate to severe depression
raising the level of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine in the brain to lift up the mood
Medical Therapies
Antidepressant medication

13. Antidepressant medication
Side Effects:
anxiety
dry mouth
weight gain
sweating
dizziness
headaches
Medical Therapies
Antidepressant medication

14. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
electrodes placed on scalp
finely controlled electrical current
current cause a short seizure
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)

15. Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
magnetic field is created by a device held above the head
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)
uses a surgical implanted device which stimulates electrically the vagus nerve

16. Side Effects
memory loss
physical side effects

17. Procedure
cluff placed around the ankle to stop the muscle relaxant medication from entering the foot
mouthguard to protect teeth & tongue

19. APPROACHING THE FINISH LINE! Thanks 
by Maxi Blei, Jill Dorozalla and Nina Ziegeldecker

20. Beyond Blue. https://www. beyondblue. org
Beyond Blue. (accessed Juni 8, 2019).
NHS. (accessed Juni 8, 2019).
Robert Koch Institut. (accessed Juni 8., 2019).
Robert Koch Institut. (accessed Juni 9., 2019).
Rogel Cancer Center. (accessed Juni 7, 2019).
WebMD. (accessed Juni 7, 2019).
World Health Organization. (accessed Juni 8., 2019).
Sources

21. Sources (Pictures) https://www.pinterest.ie/pin/615374736553549431/
nursing-notes/electroconvulsive-therapy-ect/
8703/
diese-35-medikamente-sollten-sie-besser-nicht-kaufen html
Sources (Pictures)

22. https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-diseases/depression
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images-fdp-etpr.jpg
d&biw=1152&bih=526&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=D2AJXbbmOLXCxgOV5pyAAg&q=memory+l oss&oq=memory+loss&gs_l=img.3..0j0i30l j14j gws-wiz-img i39j0i67.hEEBwIqHpXE#imgrc=TVY1TnDDkQ2Y1M:
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Sources (Pictures)