1. Writing effective paragraphs
Jane Schaffer Model

2. What does the prompt say?
Read the prompt AT LEAST twice
Highlight any questions you see
Underline sentences that call for action

3. = topic/closing sentences
Materials
KEY
You will need THREE different colored highlighters or pens:
One color for topic and closing sentences (TS)(CS)
One color for concrete details (CD)
One color for commentary sentences (CM)
Make a key for the colors at the top of your paper!
= topic/closing sentences
TS & CS
= concrete details CD
= commentary sentence CM

4. Topic sentence (TS)
subject
purpose
detail
verb
Topic
Controlling Idea

5. Topic Sentence Examples (TS)
Kanye West announced his presidential campaign in order to gain total worship from the United States. subject → verb → purpose → detail

6. Concrete Details (CD) CD – EVIDENCE that supports your TS
Facts, quotes, examples, and statistics from outside resources

7. Concrete Detail Examples (CD)
According to twitter, Kanye West plans to take credit for fixing this country just as he has claimed credit for making Paul McCartney “blow up” in the world of music. His personal tweets, like the following, express how dissatisfied he is with the amount of worship he currently maintains: “Kim doesn’t understand what a blessing I am to her”.

8. Commentary Sentences (CM)
CM - your analysis, interpretation, explanation, or insight
Relate this to the evidence stated in your CD

9. Commentary Sentence Examples (CM)
Kanye will even resort to interrupting speeches on national television to steal attention. He thrives on being in the spotlight at all times. Kanye West’s attention seeking behavior is ideal for the position of the United States President.

10. Concluding sentence (CS)
CS - wraps up the paragraph and rephrases the main idea.

11. Concluding sentence Example (CS)
This is why all U.S. citizens should vote West in

12. Putting all the parts together
Kanye West announced his presidential campaign in order to gain total worship from the United States.
Kanye will even resort to interrupting speeches on national television to steal attention.
His personal tweets, like the following, express how dissatisfied he is with the amount of worship he currently maintains: “Kim doesn’t understand what a blessing I am to her”.
According to twitter, Kanye West plans to take credit for fixing this country just as he has claimed credit for making Paul McCartney “blow up” in the world of music.
He thrives on being in the spotlight at all times.
Kanye West’s attention seeking behavior is ideal for the position of the United States President.
This is why all US citizens should vote West in

13. Putting all the parts together
Kanye West announced his presidential campaign in order to gain total worship from the United States. According to twitter, Kanye West plans to take credit for fixing this country just as he has claimed credit for making Paul McCartney “blow up” in the world of music. He thrives on being in the spotlight at all times. Kanye will even resort to interrupting speeches on national television to steal attention. His personal tweets, like the following, express how dissatisfied he is with the amount of worship he currently maintains: “Kim doesn’t understand what a blessing I am to her”. Kanye West’s attention seeking behavior is ideal for the position of the United States President. This is why all US citizens should vote West in 2020.

14. Chunking
AT LEAST TWO commentary sentences (CM) for every ONE concrete detail (CD).

15. Try it out!
Animal

16. Try it out!
Sport

17. Try it out!
Celebrity

18. Try it out!
Your Choice