1. Supervised By Dr. / Adel Yehia Ezzat
Long Term Evolution
Supervised By
Dr. / Adel Yehia Ezzat

2. The Theoretical Part - GSM ( 2G ) - GPRS ( 2.5G ) - EDGE ( 2.75G )
- UMTS ( 3G )
- HSDPA ( 3.5G )
- HSUPA ( 3.75G )
- HSPA+ ( 3.75G+ )
- LTE ( 4G )

3. GSM ( 2G ) GLOBAL SYSTEM MOBILE COMMUNICATION
GSM Specifications
FDMA & TDMA.
8 & 16 Time Slots.
Time Slot Duration = ms.
Frame Duration = 8 * = ms.
Bit Duration = 3.7 Ms.
Total No. Of Bits / ts = / 3.7 = Bits.
FDD.
Frequency Band ( 900 , 1800 , 1900 ) MHz.
Circuit Switching.
Bit Rate 9.6 kbps
Applications ( voice calls , sms’s , fax ).

4. GSM Network Structure

5. GSM Main Problems
Path loss , due to ( Distance , freq. , space loss ).
Interference , ( co-channel , adjacent channel ).
Fading , ( fast , slow ).
Time Delay , due to Distance.

6. GPRS ( 2.5G ) General Packet Radio Service
GPRS Specifications
Circuit & Packet Switching.
FDMA & TDMA
FDD ( separate by freq. )
8 Time Slots
Bit Rate / ts = 21.4 kbps
Total Rate = 8 * 21.4 = kbps
Charging per time at circuit & per volume at packet switching
Applications ( internet , sms , web , voice calls )

7. GPRS Network Structure

8. EDGE ( 2.75G ) Enhanced Data Rate For GSM Evolution
Circuit & Packet Switching
FDMA & TDMA
FDD
8 Time Slots
Bit rate / ts = 69.2 Kbps
Total Bit rate = 8 * 69.2 = kbps
Different modulation technique :
8 psk >> 8 phase shift keying
every 3 bit represents by 1 symbol

9. UMTS ( 3G ) Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
Using wide band CDMA
These are orthogonal codes to make
the cross correlation = 0

10. CDMA Advantages Spread spectrum technology Cellular concept
Soft & softer Hand over
Variable speech coder
Simple Network Planning

11. UMTS Codes Channelization codes ( Walsh code )
Scrambling codes ( PN code )
1- short code
2- long code

12. UMTS Specifications Total Rate = 2 Mbps W-CDMA FDD or TDD
Using Frequency band ( 2100 MHz )
Channel bandwidth = 5 MHz
Circuit & Packet Switching
Soft & softer Hand over
BTS becomes NodeB & BSC becomes RNC
Applications ( video calls , mobile TV. , internet , mms )

13. Compare between HSPA Family
HSDPA ( 3.5G )
HSUPA ( 3.75G )
HSPA+ ( 3.75G+ )
Access Technique
W-CDMA
Modulation
16 QAM
64 QAM
64 QAM + MIMO
Speed
3.5 Mbps
7.2 Mbps
28.8 Mbps

14. LTE ( 4G ) Long Term Evolution

15. LTE targets
Increasing the user throughput
QPSK QAM QAM
2* *4

16. OFDMA Orthogonal freq. Division Multiple Access

17. OFDMA Advantages OFDMA Disadvantages Best Efficiency Anti Fading
Increasing the SNR
Increasing the No. of users.
OFDMA Disadvantages
complexity
increasing the power average Ratio

18. SC-FDMA