1. Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages 30-43 (January 2019)
Whole-Genome Resequencing of a Worldwide Collection of Rapeseed Accessions Reveals the Genetic Basis of Ecotype Divergence 
Dezhi Wu, Zhe Liang, Tao Yan, Ying Xu, Lijie Xuan, Juan Tang, Gang Zhou, Ulrike Lohwasser, Shuijin Hua, Haoyi Wang, Xiaoyang Chen, Qian Wang, Le Zhu, Antony Maodzeka, Nazim Hussain, Zhilan Li, Xuming Li, Imran Haider Shamsi, Ghulam Jilani, Linde Wu, Hongkun Zheng, Guoping Zhang, Boulos Chalhoub, Lisha Shen, Hao Yu, Lixi Jiang 
Molecular Plant 
Volume 12, Issue 1, Pages (January 2019)
DOI: /j.molp
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2. Figure 1
Distribution, Population Structure, PCA, and LD Decay of the 991 Rapeseed Germplasm Accessions.
(A) The geographic distribution of the 991 rapeseed accessions based on country of origin and ecotype information.
(B) The geographic distribution of the 991 rapeseed accessions based on population structure and PCA.
(C) Population structure analysis using 293 498 SNPs (missing data < 50%, MAF > 5%, r2 < 0.2). The genetic groups, namely groups 1, 2, and 3, roughly correspond to the winter, semi-winter, and spring ecotype groups, but these classifications do not overlap for 88 (8.9%) accessions.
(D) PCA plot of the first two components (PC1 and PC2) of the 991 accessions. PC1, representing 11.19% of the total variation, separates the winter-type accessions from the semi-winter- and spring-type accessions, whereas PC2, representing 6.90% of the total variation, distinguishes the semi-winter types from the spring types.
(E) Genome-wide average LD decay in the winter, semi-winter, and spring ecotypes. The green, red, and blue curves display the rate of LD decay over distance (kb) in the spring, semi-winter, and winter ecotypes, respectively.
(F) Genome-wide average LD decay for the two subgenomes of B. napus. The blue and red curves show the rate of LD decay over distance (kb) in the C and A subgenomes, respectively.
Molecular Plant  , 30-43DOI: ( /j.molp )
Copyright © 2018 The Author Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Allelic-Drift Paths Showing Population Splits and Mixtures among the Major Sites of Origin of the Accessions.
(A and B) Inferred rapeseed tree showing the major sites of origin of the winter-type (A) and spring-type (B) germplasm accessions and the directions of gene-flow in each population. Arrows indicate the direction of gene flow, while the line colors represent the migration weight based on sample number. Horizontal branch length is proportional to the amount of genetic drift that has occurred on the branch. Scale bars represent a 100-fold average SE for the entries in the sample covariance matrix.
(C) Gene-flow paths visualized on the world map. The yellow and lake-blue arrows show the direction of gene flow in the spring- and winter-type populations, respectively. The blue, red, and green dots show the distribution of the winter, semi-winter, and spring accessions on the world map.
Molecular Plant  , 30-43DOI: ( /j.molp )
Copyright © 2018 The Author Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Selective-Sweep Signals between the Three B. napus Ecotype Groups.
(A) Genome-wide distribution of selective-sweep signals identified through comparisons between spring and semi-winter ecotypes (upper panel), semi-winter and winter ecotypes (middle panel), and spring and winter ecotypes (lower panel). The blue dashed lines represent the thresholds (top 1% of FST values).
(B) Manhattan plots of GWAS results for the flowering-time trait on Chr.A02 and Chr.A10. The identified SNPs were in located the regions from 4 to 7 Mb on Chr.A02 (left) and the regions from 14 to 17 Mb on Chr.A10 (right). The blue dashed lines indicate the significance threshold (−log10P = 6.0).
Molecular Plant  , 30-43DOI: ( /j.molp )
Copyright © 2018 The Author Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Circos Plot Showing Genetic Diversity and Selective Signals among Three Ecotype Groups.
(A) Sizes of the 19 chromosomes of B. napus.
(B) Heatmap view of SNP density for each chromosome.
(C) Distribution of weak LD regions (green) and strong LD regions (red) in 10-kb windows across the 19 chromosomes.
(D) Comparison of genetic diversity (π) among winter, semi-winter, and spring ecotypes.
(E) Scatter-spot distribution of FST in spring versus winter ecotypes.
(F) Scatter-spot distribution of FST in semi-winter versus winter ecotypes.
(G) Scatter-spot distribution of FST in semi-winter versus spring ecotypes. The top 1% of FST values above the red threshold lines are indicated by black spots inside the circle.
Molecular Plant  , 30-43DOI: ( /j.molp )
Copyright © 2018 The Author Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
The SNPs Responsible for Flowering-Time Variation in the Region from ∼6.37 to ∼6.38 Mb on Chr.A02.
(A) Local Manhattan plot showing the ∼100-kb region surrounding the FT ortholog (BnaA02g12130D). The spots above the threshold (−log10P = 6.0) in the candidate region (between the two blue vertical dotted lines) are SNPs significantly associated with flowering-time variation. Statistical analysis was performed with the two-tailed chi-square test.
(B) LD heat map of the ∼100-kb FT region. The color key indicates r2 values.
(C) Comparison of conserved SNPs specific to the three ecotype groups in the 0–3 kb region upstream of the start codon of the FT ortholog (BnaA02g12130D). The curcuminoid, blue, and red colors indicate SNPs homozygous for the reference genotype (0), heterozygous SNPs (1), and SNPs homozygous for the nonreference allele (2), respectively.
(D) Expression levels of the FT ortholog (BnaA02g12130D) in different ecotypes revealed by qRT–PCR analysis. BnaACTIN7 was included as an internal reference, and the mid-value of BnaA02g12130D expression in the spring cultivars was set to 1. p values indicate the significance of pairwise comparisons.
Molecular Plant  , 30-43DOI: ( /j.molp )
Copyright © 2018 The Author Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
The SNPs Responsible for Flowering-Time Variation in the Region from ∼14.99 to ∼15.00 Mb on Chromosome A10.
(A) Local Manhattan plot showing the ∼100-kb region surrounding the FLC ortholog (BnaA10g22080D). The spots above the threshold (−log10P > 6.0) in the candidate region (between the two blue vertical dotted lines) are significant SNPs associated with flowering-time variation. Statistical analysis was performed with the two-tailed chi-square test.
(B) LD heat map of the ∼100-kb FLC region. The color key indicates r2 values.
(C) Comparison of conserved SNPs specific to the three ecotype groups in the 0–5 kb region upstream of the start codon of the FLC ortholog (BnaA10g22080D). The curcuminoid, blue, and red colors indicate SNPs homozygous for the reference allele (0), heterozygous SNPs (1), and SNPs homozygous for the nonreference allele (2), respectively.
(D) Expression levels of the FLC ortholog (BnaA10g22080D) in different ecotypes revealed by qRT–PCR analysis. BnaACTIN7 was included as an internal reference, and the mid-value of BnaA02g12130D expression in the spring cultivars was set to 1. p values indicate the significance of the pairwise comparisons.
Molecular Plant  , 30-43DOI: ( /j.molp )
Copyright © 2018 The Author Terms and Conditions