1. The End of WWII
Conferences & Costs

2. How did the war end in Europe?
What battle/invasion in Europe led to the end of the war against Germany?
What event, celebrated on May 8, 1945, confirmed the end of the war between Germany and the Allies?

3. Conference of Winners - Yalta
Meeting of the “Big Three”
F.D. Roosevelt (U.S.)
Winston Churchill (G.B.)
Joseph Stalin (U.S.S.R.)
Organization of the UN
Division of Germany
Agreements to allow self-determination of nations

4. Formation of the United Nations
Formed in June 1945
To encourage international cooperation
To PREVENT WAR!
Security Council of UN formed
U.S., U.S.S.R., Great Britain, France, China
Held more power to maintain consistency
How did the United Nations compare to the League of Nations? Do you think it was more effective in the years following WWII?

5. Potsdam Conference Tension and competition Cold War Held July 1945
F.D.R dies before end of war and Potsdam
Truman replaced F.D.R and cooperation at conference changed to political division
Tension and competition
Cold War
Furthered plans to divide Germany into zones
Agreed to assist U.S. in war in the Pacific against Japan

6. How did the war end in the Pacific?
Which two nations continued fighting battles against each other in the Pacific, even after the Potsdam Conference?

7. Decision to Build the Atomic Bomb
Power in the hands of the U.S.

8. Would you build an atomic bomb?

9. FDR did support the building of an atomic bomb
The Manhattan Project began in 1939, involving over 100,000 Americans in Hanford, WA, Oak Ridge, TN, and Alamogordo, NM
$2 Billion was invested in building the bombs
First was tested in Alamogordo on July 16, 1945 and it created a 1,200 ft wide crater in the earth, blew out windows 125 miles away, knocked back testers 7 miles from the site and spread immeasurable radiation

10. Would you drop an atomic bomb?

11. Truman decided to drop the bomb, not just to end the war, but to show the USSR the power of the US
The Enola Gay, an American B-29 airplane, dropped Little Boy, the atomic bomb, on the city of Hiroshima
Three days later another atomic bomb was dropped on Nagasaki forcing the Japanese surrender
Description of the Atomic Damage:
Temperature at center was over 100 million degrees
Everything at center was vaporized
Remains in outer zones left shadows
Bodies were covered with deadly burns, skin melted off
Radiation poisoning killed for months
Indiscriminate killing…women, children, hospital patients…even U.S. Navy Pilots captured and held by Japanese in city

12. Did Truman make the right decision?

13. Still one of the most controversial decisions ever made in U. S
Still one of the most controversial decisions ever made in U.S. history
Truman defended his decision to his death
Many of the scientists, including Einstein, regretted their contributions in the development of the weapon, claiming they as scientists wanted to preserve peace, not create death
By 1990 the U.S. and U.S.S.R. had over 70,000 NUCLEAR weapons
At least 7 other nations had developed nuclear weapons and others were working on development

14. Leaflets dropped on cities in Japan warning civilians about the atomic bomb, dropped c. August 6, 1945
TO THE JAPANESE PEOPLE: America asks that you take immediate heed of what we say on this leaflet.
We are in possession of the most destructive explosive ever devised by man. A single one of our newly developed atomic bombs is actually the equivalent in explosive power to what 2000 of our giant B-29s can carry on a single mission. This awful fact is one for you to ponder and we solemnly assure you it is grimly accurate.
We have just begun to use this weapon against your homeland. If you still have any doubt, make inquiry as to what happened to Hiroshima when just one atomic bomb fell on that city.
Before using this bomb to destroy every resource of the military by which they are prolonging this useless war, we ask that you now petition the Emperor to end the war. Our president has outlined for you the thirteen consequences of an honorable surrender. We urge that you accept these consequences and begin the work of building a new, better and peace-loving Japan.
You should take steps now to cease military resistance. Otherwise, we shall resolutely employ this bomb and all our other superior weapons to promptly and forcefully end the war.
EVACUATE YOUR CITIES.

15. Remnants of a city

16. In the second zone

17. Skeletons of cities

18. Shadows

19. Heat
Reiko Watanabe (15 at the time) was doing fire prevention work under the Student Mobilization Order, at a place 500 meters from the hypocenter. Her lunch box was found by school authorities under a fallen mud wall. Its contents of boiled peas and rice, a rare feast at that time, were completely carbonized. Her body was not found.

20. Over 100,000 stories
Masami Tsuchiya (25 at the time), a second lieutenant, was in the First Army Hospital (900 meters from the hypocenter) for an appendectomy. On August 7, a corpsman found Masami's dead body, part skeleton. He was identified only by the name on the towel in his hand. He was scheduled to leave the hospital that day.

21. Attempt at Continuation

22. Medical care desperately needed

23. Physical and emotional damage

24. Unimaginable Results

25. Life-long handicapps

26. The view from above

27. End of WWII How did the war in the Pacific end?
What is V-J Day, declared by the U.S. on September 2, 1945?

29. Costs of WWII
Over 70 million fought in WWII and 55 million of those died in the conflict.
Many civilians died in the battles fought in the war, but more civilians died in acts of genocide.
Much of Europe and many Pacific islands were in ruins after the war.
Many (over 12 million) across Europe and in the Pacific were homeless, and food was in short supply.
Political rivalries formed to take the world into the Cold War for the next 40 years.
European colonies began to seek independence, leading to further conflict in some regions.