1. Nuclear safety regulatory structure Finland
NNRP Workshop July 4-6,2011 Bonn

2. Presentation Outline Nuclear facilities in Finland
Authorities involved in regulation and licensing of nuclear facilities
Legislative and regulatory framework

3. Nuclear power plants in Finland
Fennovoima Ltd
New utility, no operating reactors, DiP approved for FV1 (2 alternative sites)
Loviisa NPP (Fortum)
2 operating units - VVERs
Olkiluoto NPP (TVO)
2 operating units - ABB BWRs
OL3 (EPR) under construction
DiP approved for OL4
Photo: Fortum
Photo: TVO

4. Loviisa npp Plant Start-up National Nominal electric power, Type,
Photo: Fortum
Plant Start-up National Nominal electric power, Type,
unit grid (gross/net, MW) supplier
Loviisa 1 8 Feb May / PWR, Atomenergoexport
Loviisa 2 4 Nov Jan / PWR, Atomenergoexport
Fortum Power and Heat Oy owns the Loviisa 1 and 2 plant units located in Loviisa.

5. Olkiluoto npp Plant Start-up National Nominal electric power, Type,
unit grid (gross/net, MW) supplier
Olkiluoto 1 2 Sep Oct / BWR, Asea Atom
Olkiluoto Feb Jul /860 BWR, Asea Atom
Olkiluoto 3 Construction license granted about 1,600 (net) PWR,
Areva NP
Teollisuuden Voima Oyj owns the Olkiluoto 1 and 2 plant units located in Olkiluoto, Eurajoki, and the Olkiluoto 3 plant unit under construction.
Photo: TVO

6. OL3 Project - General
Project is progressing but is about four years behind the original schedule
Start of commercial operation in 2013
Fuel load by the end of 2012
Operating licence application in 2011.
Status of the project
Design ongoing - open design issues on I&C
Final civil construction activities ongoing
Manufacturing slowing down but still ongoing
Installation activities in progress at site
Commissioning activities to start
Photos: TVO

7. Nuclear facilities in Finland…
Onkalo
underground research facility in Olkiluoto constructed by Posiva Oy
bedrock volumes suitable for final disposal of spent nuclear fuel can be investigated in more detail
bedrock research at the planned final disposal depth is a requirement for granting a construction license for the final disposal facility
Designed to function as one of the entrance routes to the planned final disposal facility
STUK applies the same regulatory procedures to the construction of Onkalo as those of a nuclear facility
construction started in 2004, end of 2010 the excavation of the drive tunnel reached a depth of 430 m, tunnel length 4500 m.
Ventilation shaft
Personnel shaft
Situation 17 Dec 2010
Length of the drive tunnel
4560 m
Depth of the drive tunnel
434 m
Intake ventilation
Photo: Posiva Oy
Plan of the underground rock characterisation facility (Onkalo) and status of the construction on 17 December 2010 (Posiva Oy).

8. Nuclear facilities in Finland…
FiR 1 research reactor
operated by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
TRIGA Mark II, maximum thermal power 250 kW
began operation in March 1962, current operating licence will expire at the end of 2011
reactor is used for fabrication of radioactive tracers, activation analysis, student training, Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) treatment of tumours , development of therapeutic methods

9. STUK - Radiation and Nuclear Safety Authority
Mission:
Protecting people, society, environment, and future generations from harmful effects of radiation
Organisation:
110
Figures indicate number of staff at the end of 2010.
Total 344.

10. Three roles of STUK Regulatory Body use of nuclear reactors
nuclear waste and materials
use of radiation
Research Centre
health effects of ionising and non-ionising radiation
natural radiation - occurrence and prevention
environmental research
radiation threats and preparedness for accidents
dosimetry and metrology
medical use of radiation
non-ionising radiation
Expert organisation
national preparedness for radiation accidents
information and advice to public and other authorities
contracted expert services
radiation measuring and calibration services

11. STUK and Ministries MINISTRY OF SOCIAL AFFAIRS AND HEALTH
administrative authority
for the use of radiation
MINISTRY OF EMPLOYMENT AND THE ECONOMY
administrative authority for the
use of nuclear energy
Budget and supervision
STUK – RADIATION AND NUCLEAR
SAFETY AUTHORITY
independent regulatory and research
organisation
Expert advice
and service
Expert advice
and service
MINISTRY OF THE INTERIOR
rescue and protection duties in
emergency conditions
- security and physical protection
MINISTRY FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS
- nuclear safety in neighbour countries
- non-proliferation of nuclear weapons

12. Main parties involved in licensing and regulation of nuclear facilities in Finland
All licenses for nuclear facilities are issued by the Government
Ministry of Employment and the Economy (TEM) provides administrative support for processing license applications
STUK is the nuclear regulatory body and has following duties:
preparation of national nuclear safety regulations
safety evaluation (necessary prerequisite for issuing a license)
inspections and oversight needed to verify the safety of the facility and the compliance with safety requirements over the plant lifetime
inspections on nuclear waste management and nuclear material safeguards as well as security
binding orders to the licensees as needed to ensure nuclear safety (based on expert judgment made at STUK).

13. Stakeholders in licensing - roles and responsibilities
Public, other authorities,
and expert organizations
PARLIAMENT:
Ratifies Decision in Principle
Three step licensing:
Decision in Principle
Construction License
Operating License
Opinions
GOVERNMENT:
Makes licensing decisions
MINISTRY OF EMPLOYMENT
AND THE ECONOMY
Conducts preparations
Statement on safety
(veto right)
Agreement on site
(veto right)
Application
STUK
(regulatory body)
APPLICANT
MUNICIPALITY
OF PLANT SITE
Regulatory
review and
oversight
Advice
Design documentation
Expert organizations
Suppliers-
nuclear industry

14. Licensing steps in Finland
Operating licence
Government Decision
STUK’s safety assessment on the technical and organisational aspects of the as build plant
Operating Licence
Construction Licence
Government Decision
STUK’s Safety assessment on the acceptability of Technical principles and requirements of the plant
Issued in February 2005 for Olkiluoto 3
Construction
Construction Licence
Construction:
Review and approval of the detailed design
Oversight of manufacturing and construction
Bidding & site preparation
Nuclear safety
Energy policy
Decision in Principle
Feasibility studies
(by utility)
Decision in Principle: Political debate on whether using nuclear energy is for the overall good of society
Government decision and Parliament ratification/rejection
STUK’s preliminary safety assessment
Issued in February/May 2002 for Olkiluoto 3
Issued in May/July 2010 for Olkiluoto 4 and Fennovoima 1
Environmental Impact
Assessment

15. Licensing status of the existing Finnish NPPs
Relicensing of the operation of a NPP involves a comprehensive safety review, latest renewals were done taking into account the IAEA PSR guidelines (NS-G-2.10, previously 50-SG-O12)
Loviisa NPP
Terms of licenses
Olkiluoto NPP
LO1
LO 2
OL1
OL2
PSR in 2008
PSR in 2015 and 2023

16. Legislative and regulatory framework
The use of nuclear energy
Nuclear Energy Act (990/1987)
Nuclear Energy Decree (161/1988)
Government Decrees
on safety of NPPs (733/2008)
on physical protection of NPPs (734/2008)
on emergency preparedness (735/2008)
on safety of the disposal of nuclear waste (736/2008)
Regulatory Guides (YVL Guides) concerning the use of nuclear energy
The use of radiation
Radiation Act (592/1991)
Radiation Decree (1512/1991)
Decree of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health on the medical use of radiation (423/2000)
Regulatory Guides (ST Guides) concerning the use of radiation
Finnish Regulatory Pyramid