1. Review 1 Earth’s Surface
Fifth Grade Part 4
Review 1
Earth’s Surface

2. Landforms
A physical feature on Earth’s surface that can be found on dry land and under the oceans

3. Landforms Mountains Valleys Canyons Plains Plateaus Barrier islands
Volcanic islands
Caves

4. Slow Changes to Land
Weathering – rocks are broken down and turned into sediments by wind, water, ice and plants
Erosion – caused by wind, water and ice, such as when glaciers move rocks to form U-shaped valleys
Deposition – formed when sediments are dropped in an area, examples include limestone caves, deltas, barrier islands, sand dunes

5. Rapid Changes to Land
Flow – mudslide, landslide, rockslide, avalanche, flood
One benefit of flooding is that it leaves a new layer of soil.
Earthquake – shakes Earth’s surface and can destroy roads and buildings
Volcano – lava, ash, rock
Fire – destroy large areas of forest

6. Earth’s Layers
Crust
Mantle
Outer Core
Inner Core

7. Sedimentary Rock and Fossils
Fossils, remains of plants and animals from long ago, are found in sedimentary rocks. Fossils are formed as layers of sediments are deposited on top of plants or animals.
Limestone and Sandstone Sedimentary rocks formed in layers where the oldest rock is at the bottom

8. Soil Layers Properties of soil: color, texture, ability to
0 ’
10’
30 ’
50 ’
Topsoil
Subsoil
Bedrock
Properties of soil:
color, texture,
ability to
retain water,
support life
(fertility)

9. Soil Conservation
A renewable natural resource that takes thousands of years to form
Methods for soil conservation:
crop rotation
contour plowing
strip cropping

10. Earth’s Resources
Renewable – replaced as it is used (soil, oxygen, animals, plants and water)
Nonrenewable – cannot be readily replaced once it is used (oil, natural gas, coal, aluminum, iron, copper, silver, gold)

11. Conservation of Resources
Reduce – to use less of something (ex. riding your bike to the store instead of using the car)
Recycle – to use old or used materials to make something new (ex. melting used aluminum cans to make new ones)
Reuse – to use something again (ex. hand-me-down clothes or making a planter from an old milk jug)