1. Types of Joints and Bones
Mrs. Sheila Taylor

2. Types of bones There are four major types of bones found in the body.
Long – longer than they are wide and work as levers
Short – short, cubed shaped, found in the wrist and ankles
Flat – broad surfaces for protection and muscle attachment
Irregular – bones that don't fit into the other three groups

6. Irregular bones

7. Flat bones

8. The extremes... The largest bone in your body
The femur – it is a long bone that makes up the thigh
The smallest bones in the body
The three bones in the middle ear
Incus, malleus, stapes (anvil, hammer, and stirup)
Transmit sounds from the eardrum to the inner ear

10. Synovial joints Most numerous in the body Allows for free movement
Parts
Articulating cartilage- on the ends of the bones
Joint capsule – tubular capsule of dense connective tissue
Outer layer is ligaments
Inner layer is synovial membrane which secrete fluid into the joint cavity

12. Extra parts found in some
Menisci
A flattened shock absorbing pad of fibrocartilage between the bones
Bursae
Fluid filled sac lined with synovial membrane
Not in the main joint cavity
Typically located between tendons and underlying bony prominences
Aid in movement of the tendon over the bone or other tendons

14. There are 6 major types of synovial joints
Ball and socket
Hinge
Saddle
Pivot
Condyloid
Gliding

15. Ball and Socket Description Movement: Ex:
Ball head of one bone articulates in the cup- shaped cavity of another one
Movement:
Movement in all planes and rotation
Ex:
Shoulder, hip

16. Ball and socket

17. Hinge Description Movements: Ex:
Convex surface of one bone articulates with the concave surface of another
Movements:
Flexion and extention
Ex:
Elbow, joints of phalanges, knee

18. Hinge

19. Saddle Description: Movement: Ex:
Surfaces have both convex and concave regions, the surface of one bone fits the complementary surface of the another
Movement:
Variety of movement
Ex:
Between carpel (trapezium) and metacarpel of the thumb

20. Saddle

21. Pivot Description: Movement:
Cylindrical surface of one bone articulates with ring of bone and ligament
Movement:
Rotation around a central axis
Ex: joint between the proximal ends of the radius and ulna, as well as tibia and fibula

22. Pivot

23. Gliding Description: Movement: Ex:
Articulating surfaces ae nearly flat or slightly curved
Movement:
sliding or twisting
Ex:
Ankles, wrist, sacroiliac, rib 2-7 and the sternum

24. Gliding

25. Condyloid Description: Movement: Ex:
Oval-shaped condyle of one bone articulates with ellipitcal cavity of another
Movement:
Variety of movements on different planes, but no rotation
Ex:
Between phalanges and metacarpals

27. Two other types of joints
Fibrous – bones are fastened together by a thin layer of dense connective tissue
No possible movement
Ex: suture between skull bones, joints between the distal ends of the tibia and fibula
Cartilaginous- bones are connected by hyaline or fibrocartilage
Limited movement
Ex: joints between vertebrae bodies, symphysis pubis, first rib and the sternum

28. Suture, fixed, fibrous

29. Sometimes a joint is more than one type