1. CANADA’S RENEWABLE RESOURCES PART 2
FORESTRY
CANADA’S RENEWABLE RESOURCES
PART 2

2. AGENDA Canada’s Forest Resources Commercial Forest Regions of Canada
Methods of Harvesting Forests
Forestry Issues and Threats
Related Textbook Reading: pages

3. CANADA’S FOREST RESOURCES
PART 1
CANADA’S FOREST RESOURCES
Resources required:
Suitable climate
Fertile soil
(Forestry is a lot like agriculture, but with a very long growing season!)
Problems:
Soil erosion (no trees leaves land weakened)
Poor forestry practices (over-harvesting)
Climate change
Risk factor:
Moderate to High (strong risk of unsustainable usage!)

5. CANADA’S FOREST RESOURCES
Even before becoming a country, Canada was known for it’s “never-ending” supply of timber (wood).
Early on, it was obvious to many that Canada’s forest resources were very valuable!
As a result, many old-growth forests (forests that have never been logged or used for timber) were lost.

6. CANADA’S FOREST RESOURCES
Had things continued without change, we would have fully mined (used up unsustainably) our forests.
Instead, today we rely on sustained yield management to protect our forest resources.

7. COMMERCIAL FOREST REGIONS
PART 2
COMMERCIAL FOREST REGIONS

8. CANADA’S FOREST REGIONS
MONTANE CORDILLERA
BOREAL SHIELD
PACIFIC MARITIME
Today, Canada’s valuable timber for both domestic use and exporting comes mainly from the 3 ecozones above.

9. CANADA’S BOREAL FORESTS
Canada’s forests are the third largest in the world, after just Russia and Brazil!
The northern Boreal Forest is dominated by only two species of trees: Black Spruce and White Spruce.
Why do you think this is?
I bet you did not know Boreal means “northern” in Russian, and Taiga means “forest”.
#schooled

11. TREES OF CANADA’S BOREAL FORESTS
Black Spruce
White Spruce
Balsam Fir
Jack Pine
Cedar
Tamarack
White Birch
Poplar

13. PACIFIC MARITME FORESTS
Canada’s Coastal Forests along the Pacific ocean contain many of the oldest, largest trees anywhere in the world!
Unfortunately, this region is also some of the most “at risk” forest anywhere in the world…

14. SOME OF THE LARGEST TREES EVER!

15. TREES OF THE PACIFIC MARITME
DOUGLAS FIR
SITKA SPRUCE

16. TREES OF THE PACIFIC MARITME
WESTERN
RED CEDAR
WESTERN HEMLOCK

18. MONTANE CORDILLERA FOREST
As with most cordilleran regions, Montane Cordillera Forest is spread out over a large area and has a large variety of trees.

19. TREES OF THE MONTANE CORDILLERA
PONDEROSA PINE
ENGELMANN SPRUCE
DOUGLAS FIR

20. CANADA’S LUMBER INDUSTRY
PART 3
CANADA’S LUMBER INDUSTRY

21. VALUE OF CANADIAN FOREST INDUSTRY
Pulp and Paper Production
Other Provinces
$7.29 billion
Quebec
$11.58 billion
British Columbia
$7.51 billion
Ontario
$10.1 billion

22. VALUE OF CANADIAN FOREST INDUSTRY
Wood Products
Other Provinces $780 million
New Brunswick $751 million
Alberta
$1.73 billion
Ontario
$3.45 billion
British Columbia
$11.23 billion
Quebec
$5.31 billion

23. METHODS OF HARVESTING FORESTS
What used to be done like this… is now done like this!

24. METHODS OF HARVESTING FORESTS
CLEAR-CUTTING
SHELTERWOOD CUTTING
SELECTIVE CUTTING

25. What are the negatives of this? Can you think of any positives?
CLEAR CUTTING
METHODS OF HARVESTING FORESTS
In clear-cutting, loggers remove every tree and leave a barren landscape. This is the most controversial type of logging.
When replanted, the new forest grows the same species & size.
What are the negatives of this?
Can you think of any positives?

26. METHODS OF HARVESTING FORESTS
SHELTERWOOD CUTTING
METHODS OF HARVESTING FORESTS
Shelterwood cutting clear-cuts parts of an old growth forest.
Shelterwood method is often used in forests that have grown and aged evenly.
Small groups of healthy trees are left so the area will regenerate over time.
What are the positives of this?
What are the negatives of this?

27. METHODS OF HARVESTING FORESTS
SELECTIVE CUTTING
METHODS OF HARVESTING FORESTS
The first image shows a stand of trees that is about 65 years old with selective cutting in progress. The second picture shows the same stand after cutting is complete.
Selective cutting only harvests mature trees of the desired size, type or quality.
What are the positives of this?
What are the negatives of this?

28. FORESTS IN DANGER: ISSUES
PART 4
FORESTS IN DANGER: ISSUES

29. FORESTS IN DANGER: ISSUES
Too few trees are replanted?
SOIL EROSION

30. FORESTS IN DANGER: ISSUES
WATER POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION

31. FORESTS IN DANGER: ISSUESV6
FORESTS IN DANGER: ISSUES
AERIAL SPRAYING
FOREST FIRES

32. FORESTS IN DANGER: ISSUES
WILDLIFE HABITATS
DESTROYED

33. MANAGING OUR FOREST RESOURCES
HOMEWORK
MANAGING OUR FOREST RESOURCES
The challenge facing Canada today is how to achieve a state of sustained yield management with our forests.
Reading: p.112–117
Questions: #1-7, p.115