1. Landing a Tail Wheel Aircraft

2. Objectives To land a tail wheel aircraft:
- on the main wheels (wheeler); and,
- on all three wheels (three-pointer).
To maintain directional control throughout the landing roll.

3. Control in pitch; and, Directional control.
Considerations
Control in pitch; and,
Directional control.

4. Principles of Flight - Pitch Control

5. Principles of Flight - Directional Control

6. Principles of Flight - Slipstream Effect

7. Principles of Flight - Gyroscopic Effect

8. Principles of Flight - Torque Effect
All three effects tend to work together.
But their direction of effect depends on the rotational direction of the propeller.

9. Two Types of Landings
The Wheeler:

10. Two Types of Landings
The Three Pointer

11. Advantages of the Wheeler Landing
Better aerodynamic control
Better able to counter wind gusts
More precise wheel placement
Better forward visibility on touchdown
Easier to go around

12. Disadvantages of the Wheeler Landing
Higher touchdown speed
More energy on landing
More ‘lively’
Potentially more prone to bounce
Longer landing roll

13. Advantages of the Three-Pointer
The aircraft is on the ground to stay
Minimal energy
Shorter landing distance

14. Disadvantages of the Three-Pointer
Vulnerable to wind gusts
High AoA & no slipstream
Reduced forward visibility

15. Airmanship & Human Factors
Relaxation
Smooth gentle inputs
Helps control the three effects
Where to look
To the far end of the runway

16. Throttle Smooth gentle inputs Helps control two of the three effects
Engine Management
Throttle
Smooth gentle inputs
Helps control two of the three effects

17. Wheeler Landing Technique
Fly twenty centimetres (six inches) off the ground trying NOT to touch the ground!
Then, go around.

18. Wheeler Landing Technique
Fly twenty centimetres (six inches) off the ground.
Run your main wheels (gently) along the ground.
Then, go around.

19. Wheeler Landing Technique
Fly twenty centimetres (six inches) off the ground.
Run your main wheels (gently) along the ground.
Then, smoothly close the throttle.
Apply gentle braking and fly the tail onto the ground, keeping straight.
When the tail is on - stick fully aft.

20. Wheeler Landing Technique

21. Three Pointer Landing Technique
Begin the round out 2-3 metres above the ground.
Develop the flare until you are in the three point (taxiing) attitude, about half a metre above the ground.

22. Three Pointer Landing Technique
Hold the three point (taxiing) attitude.
Smoothly closing the throttle.

23. Three Pointer Landing Technique
When the tail wheel is firmly on the ground - stick fully aft.
Apple gentle braking, keeping straight.

24. Three Pointer Landing Technique

25. Crosswind Landing Technique
The maximum demonstrated crosswind in the Chipmunk is 10 knots.
A wheeler landing is often the more appropriate technique.

26. Crosswind Landing Technique
The crosswind landing technique is conventional.
If there is a significant wind gust factor, half flap is recommended.

27. Crosswind Landing Technique
During the landing run it will be necessary to hold the stick (control column) into wind.