1. DO NOW 2/26
How did Hitler “capture the hearts” of the German people? Give 3 ways in which he appealed to them, paving the way for him to become Chancellor.

2. Leader = Benito Mussolini “IL DUCE”
Fascism in Italy
Leader = Benito Mussolini “IL DUCE”
Reason for totalitarian gov’t:
Italy ignored at Versailles, did not get land they wanted
Great Depression crippled Italy and they wanted help
Mussolini promised to solve Italy’s problems (Who else made similar promises?)

3. Mussolini founded the Fascist Party and organized a group called the BLACK SHIRTS and marched to Rome.

4. Fascism in Italy
Fascism: a political movement that emphasized an extreme form of nationalism and power to the state

6. Benito Mussolini Problems Major Reforms
Mussolini and his fascist followers, known as the “Blackshirts” marched on Rome and seized power in Italy in Mussolini became Il Duce (“The Leader”) and set up an efficient but brutal rule over Italy!
Examples of Totalitarianism
Problems
Major Reforms
No criticism of state allowed!
“Everything is the state” Forced Italian men to join military, women should have babies
Used censorship and propaganda - schools, newspapers, government
Secret police, the OVRA
Debt, Unemployment, corruption.
Peasants lost land and resentment after WWI
Fear of communist uprising
Developed Fascist party - Extreme sense of nationalism
Repaired and built up the roads, bridges, trains
Wanted to return Italy to the glory of the Roman Empire

7. Named for the Roman symbol for power

8. Fascist governments deny people their individual liberties and are led by dictators.

9. Leaders of Fascist governments use various ways to create unity and promote spirit:
Special salutes
Military emblems
Holding rallies and parades for the public
Terror tactics

10. New media technology used to spread propaganda
Replaces all political institutions with new ones and erases all legal, social, and political traditions
Leaders are unpredictable, never allowing the people to feel completely safe
New media technology used to spread propaganda

11. The “Battle” for Births, Land, and Grain
Mussolini and his “Blackshirts” march on Rome in and take over government.
The Fascist State
Invasion of Ethiopia
The “Battle” for Births, Land, and Grain
"War is to man what maternity is to a woman. From a philosophical and doctrinal viewpoint, I do not believe in perpetual peace.”

12. “Mare Nostrum” - Italian Expansion
Balcony Speeches
“Mare Nostrum” - Italian Expansion
Libya
Greek Islands
Ethiopia
Albania

13. Mussolini told then-king Victor Emmanuel to make him leader…or else
Mussolini told then-king Victor Emmanuel to make him leader…or else! Became “IL DUCE”

14. Mussolini used the secret police and censorship to maintain his power.

15. The Capture and Death of Mussolini!
After the Allied occupation of southern Italy (1943), the King ordered Mussolini to be arrested. Imprisoned, then liberated by the Germans, Mussolini lived in northern Italy until his capture and execution, on April 28, 1945, along with his mistress, Claretta Petacci, by military forces of the Italian Resistance. Next day, their corpses and those of Mussolini's henchmen were hanged in the Piazzale Loreto, Milan, on public view.

16. Text
“Fascism”

17. Closure
In what way were Hitler and Mussolini’s “styles” similar? Why do you think they got along so well?