1. Fascism in Italy and Germany
Global 10

2. Fascism
Definition: an authoritarian and extreme nationalistic right-wing system of government and social organization.

3. Cultural Characteristics
Censorship
propaganda
Secret Police

4. Social Characteristics
Supported by middle class, industrialist, & military
Why do you think these groups supported him?

5. Chief Examples
Italy
Spain

6. Political Characteristics
Nationalist
Racist (Nazism)
One-Party Rule
Supreme Leader
“Il Duce” Benito Mussolini

7. Economic Characteristics
Economic functions controlled by state corporations or the state itself
NOT socialism
Form of controlled capitalism

8. Basic Principles Authoritarianism: Gov’t has total authority
State more important than the individual
Charismatic leader
Action oriented

9. Fascism: Summarized Glorification of the state
Single party system with a strong ruler
Aggressive form of Nationalism
Absolute authority, but defended private property with some government regulation and class structure

10. Communism Fascism (USSR) (Germany and Italy)
DIFFFERENCES
1) Based upon the idea of Karl Marx 1) No clearly defined theory
2) Classless society ) Each class has its place in society
3) Internationalist…unite ) Nationalists workers worldwide
SIMILARITIES
1) Both ruled by dictators…1 party rule
2) Neither practiced any kind of democracy

11. Mussolini

12. Personal/Physical Characteristics
Excellent writer (former journalist)
Charismatic speaker
Had a “Thirst for military glory”
Large ego

13. Political/Economic Beliefs
Organized veterans and discontent Italians into the Fascist party
‘Black Shirts’ used to break up socialist rallies, leftist ideas
Suppressed rival parties, rigged elections and silenced the media
In theory: Parliamentary Monarchy
In fact: Dictatorship

14. Mussolini controlled entire economy
prevented strikes and conflicts
Did not favor socialism, persevered capitalism instead
Production increased, but at expense of workers
Little pay, not allowed to strike

15. People convinced to believe state was most important aspect- not the individual
“Believe! Obey! Fight!”
Fascist youth groups formed

16. Hitler’s Germany

17. Hitler’s Background He applied to an art school, but was rejected
WWI Army veteran, believed Germany had been stabbed in the back.
Munich Beer Hall  “revolution has begun”
Failed Revolution attempt  arrested  imprisoned  wrote Mein Kampf

18. Political Structure Weimar Republic 1919-1933
Democratic government w/ many political parties
Criticized for accepting treaty
Third Reich: Nazi Germany
NAZI  National Socialist Workers Party gained seat in the Reichstag
Opposition to Communism & Democracy
Belief in Dictatorship
Elected Chancellor of Germany 1933
Der Fuhrer (leader) power is complete & extends to all fields of the nation

20. Munich Beer Hall: “A revolution has begun”

21. Economic Policies Debt: $35 Billion in Reparations
Inflation: Instead of raising taxes to pay for the war Germany printed more money (Marks), which lost its value.
Unemployment: *6 Million people unemployed

23. For three generations, you’ll have to slave away!
$26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.

24. What does this mean??

26. Social Policies Survival of the Fittest Superiority of the Aryan Race
Anti-Semitism- hatred of the Jews
Use of terror & force
Censorship

27. Kristallnacht Nuremburg Laws 1934
German laws against the Jewish people.
Ex. Marriages between Jews and nationals of German or kindred blood are forbidden, Jews are forbidden to hoist the Reich and national flag and to present the colors of the Reich
Kristallnacht
“Night of Broken Glass” was the rioting and looting of Jewish Businesses in German.

28. Nazism Glorification of the state
Single party system with a strong ruler
Aggressive form of Nationalism : demands that the nation be extended to its “natural” territorial borders
anti-Semitic ideology
superiority of the Aryan (German) race