1. English Business Lecture 1
Dea Adlina

2. Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier
Review
Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier

3. Subject, Verb, Complement & Modifier
Subject: a person or a noun or an adjective that is being discussed, described, or dealt with.
Verb: a word used to describe an action, state, or occurrence, and forming the main part of the predicate of a sentence.
Complement: a word, phrase or clause that is necessary to complete the meaning of a given expression
Modifier: an optional element in phrase or clause structure used to modify (change the meaning of) another element in the structure, on which it is dependent.

4. Subject Noun (phrase) or pronoun
The tiny cat jumped outside our house.
A gerund (phrase)
Her excessive bragging was annoying.
A to-infinitive (phrase)
To sing is easier than to act.
A full that-clause
That he had won the war was known to everyone.
A free relative clause
Wherever he went was always a disaster.
A direct quotation
I love you is often heard these days.
Zero (but implied) subject
Open the door!
An expletive it
It is raining.
A cataphor it
It was known by everyone that he had won the war.

5. Examples Trees grow She opened her book
Subject         Verb
She            opened        her book
Subject           Verb        Complement
Henry and Marcia    have visited     the president
Subject                 Verb Phrase        Complement
George       is cooking          dinner                 tonight
Subject       Verb Phrase     Complement       Modifier of Time
She        opened      a checking account      at the bank             last week
Subject      Verb             Complement          Modifier of Place     Modifier of Time

6. Review Verb Phrases
Two word verbs

7. Two word verbs Phrasal verbs
A verb and a preposition wivh together have a special meaning.
It is especially common in informal English
Separable phrasal verbs
I handed in my paper yesterday.
I handed it in yesterday.
Nonseparable phrasal verbs
I ran into an old friend yesterday.

8. Two word verbs Phrasal verbs
Meaning
Put off
Drop by
Look up
Turn down
Take over
Hang up
Postpone
Visit informally
Look for information
Decrease volume or intensity OR Reject OR Refuse
Take control
Conclude a telephone conversation
and many more

9. Review Tenses
Past, Present, Future

10. Present

11. Present
Subject + Auxiliary Verb + V-ing
Subject + V1

12. Present Subject + have been Subject + have + V3 + V-ing
(Past Participle Form)

13. Past

14. Past
Subject + was/were + V-ing
Subject + V2

15. Past Subject + had been Subject + had + V3 + V-ing
(Past Participle Form)

16. Future

17. Future Subject + will / be going to + V1
Subject + will / (aux) going to + be + V-ing

18. Future
Subject
+ will have been
+ V-ing
Subject + will have
+ V3

19. Will or be going to? Prediction Prior plan Willingness
According to the weather report, it will be / is going to be cloudy tomorrow.
Be careful! You’ll hurt yourself!
Watch out! You’re going to hurt yourself!
Prior plan
Willingness
A: The phone’s ringing. B: I’ll get it A: I don’t understand this problem. B: Ask your teacher about it. She’ll help you.
A: Why did you buy this paint?
B: I’m going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
I talked to Bob yesterday. He is tired of taking the bus to work. He’s going to buy a car. That’s what he told me.

20. End of Lecture 1
See you next week