1. Chemical Equilibrium
Mass transfer takes place from higher chemical potential to lower chemical potential.
If the chemical potential of reactants are higher than chemical potential of products, why equilibrium? A
A+B B

2. Gibb’s energy, G
Extent of reaction

3. Thermodynamics of mixing of gases

5. Chemical Equilibrium

8. If the T of an equilibrium reaction system is increased at constant P, the extent of reaction increases in that direction in which heat is absorbed by the system at constant T and P.

9. An increase in P at constant T results in change in reaction in that direction in which the volume of the system is decreased at constant T and P.

10. Temperature dependence of Equilibrium constant