1. OXIDATION STATES ORGANIC MATTER PLANT AND ANIMAL RESIDUES AMINIZATION
MESQUITE
RHIZOBIUM
ALFALFA
SOYBEAN
BLUE-GREEN ALGAE
AZOTOBACTER
CLOSTRIDIUM
PLANT AND ANIMAL
RESIDUES
R-NH2 + ENERGY + CO2
R-NH2 + H2O
R-OH + ENERGY + 2NH3
MATERIALS WITH N
CONTENT < 1.5%
(WHEAT STRAW)
CONTENT > 1.5%
(COW MANURE)
MICROBIAL
DECOMPOSITION
HETEROTROPHIC
AMINIZATION
BACTERIA (pH>6.0)
FUNGI (pH<6.0)
AMMONIFICATION
GLOBAL WARMING
pH>7.0
2NH4+ + 2OH-
FIXED ON
EXCHANGE
SITES
+O2
Nitrosomonas
2NO2- + H2O + 4H+
IMMOBILIZATION
NH3 AMMONIA -3
NH4+ AMMONIUM -3
N2 DIATOMIC N 0
N2O NITROUS OXIDE 1
NO NITRIC OXIDE 2
NO2- NITRITE 3
NO3- NITRATE 5
OXIDATION STATES
ATMOSPHERE
N2O NO N2
N2O2-
NH3
SYMBIOTIC
NON-SYMBIOTIC
+ O2
Nitrobacter
FERTILIZATION
LIGHTNING,
RAINFALL
N2 FIXATION
DENITRIFICATION
PLANT
LOSS
AMINO
ACIDS
NO3-
POOL
LEACHING
AMMONIA
VOLATILIZATION
NITRIFICATION
NH2OH
Pseudomonas, Bacillus,
Thiobacillus Denitrificans,
and T. thioparus
MINERALIZATION
+ NITRIFICATION
NO2-
MICROBIAL/PLANT
SINK
TEMP 50°F
pH 7.0
ADDITIONS
LOSSES
OXIDATION REACTIONS
REDUCTION REACTIONS
HABER BOSCH
3H2 + N NH3
(1200°C, 500 atm)
Joanne LaRuffa
Wade Thomason
Shannon Taylor
Heather Lees
Department of Plant and Soil Sciences
Oklahoma State University
INDUSTRIAL
FIXATION