1. ESD Standard for Vehicle ISO 10605
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
ESD Standard for Vehicle ISO 10605
Southeastern Michigan IEEE EMC
2011/Nov./10
Noise Laboratory Co.,LTD
Takeshi Ishida

2. My position at IEC & ISO Committees
IEC TC77
ISO TC22 WG4
SC77A
Low frequency
The Japanese national
committee
SC77B
High frequency
WG10 RF
MT12
ESD・Surge
SC77C
High power

3. * Electronic components
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
　　ESD Standards
Object
Standard
Evaluation
Cause
Electronic equipment
IEC
malfunction
human body
Vehicle Components
ISO 10605
Break
SAE J
* Electronic components
IEC
IEC
machine
* Semi -conductor
IEC
IEC
*Similar to MIL,JEDEC,ANS,ESDA,etc

4. Timeline of ISO10605 1994 ISO TR 10605 2001 ISO 10605 Ed1.0
2012?　ISO Ed2.0 Amendment1
Have some flaws

5. Electrostatic discharge path – Outside
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Electrostatic discharge path – Outside
The discharge may occur by voltage difference between human and vehicle.
The discharge path is 1)　Wheel resistance. 2)　Capacitance between vehicle and ground.
タイヤもメーガーなど、電圧が高くなると、数十から数千MΩの抵抗になる

6. Electrostatic discharge path – Inside
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Electrostatic discharge path – Inside
The discharge path is capacitance between human and back of the seat.
タイヤもメーガーなど、電圧が高くなると、数十から数千MΩの抵抗になる

7. ESD effects to electronics equipment
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
ESD effects to electronics equipment
ESD
Disturbance of RF
Surface current
Voltage potential
Noise from signal
enclosure
EM coupling by secondary radiation
Signal port
Digital
circuit
Noise from power line
Power port
Stray
capacitance

8. Discharge resistor and energy capacitor
Value
Purpose
IEC
ISO10605
Capacitor
150pF
Capacitance between human body and ground. ○
outside contact
330pF
Capacitance between human body and seat.
○ inside contact
Resistor
330Ω
Contact by human with metal object
2000Ω
Contact by human skin
New
H.V.PS

9. Discharge current waveform specification
Tolerance is not all same
Discharge current waveform specification
Typical C/ R
values
Peak Current
[A/kV]
Tolerance
[%]
Current at t1
Current at t2 [A/kV]
150 pF / 330Ω
3.75
± 10 2
(at t1 = 30 ns)
± 30 1
(at t2 = 60 ns)
330 pF / 330Ω
(at t1 = 65 ns)
(at t2= 130 ns)
150pF /
2000Ω
-0/+30
0.275
(at t1= 180 ns)
0.15
(at t2= 360 ns)
± 50
330pF /
(at t1= 400 ns)
(at t2= 800 ns)
NOTES:
1. The peak current level shall be taken from the measurement system without any data interpolation.
2. The target used with this measurement system shall fulfil the requirements of clauses A.1 and A.2. An example is defined in Annex B.
3. The measurement times (30, 60, 65, 130, 180, 360, 400, and 800 ns) are derived from RC-time constant –40% (Current t1) and
+20% (Current t2), to define two values on the falling slope of the current pulse according IEC : 2001 Ed. 1.2

10. Ideal contact discharge waveform at 5kV 150pF/330pF，330Ω
First peak is same
Actual waveform

11. Ideal contact discharge waveform at 5kV 150pF/330pF，2000Ω
Actual waveform

12. Mathematical formula(150pF/330Ω)
1 = 1.1 ns　　2 = 2 ns　　 3 = 12 ns　　 4 = 37 ns
I 1　= 16.6 A （ at 4 kV ）　　I 2 = 9.3 A （at 4 kV）
n = 1.8

13. Calibration setup of discharge current waveform
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Calibration setup of discharge current waveform
Requirement detail is not mentioned
【 Ed.1】　　　　　　　　　　　　　　【 Ed.2】

14. Detail of discharge current waveform calibration
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Detail of discharge current waveform calibration
Faraday cage
Stray capacitance between gun and faraday cage
Faraday cage
Target
Oscilloscope
ESD generator
H.V PS
Bandwidth of oscilloscope: >1 GHz
Ground return cable

15. Target calibration（ Annex A）
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Target calibration（ Annex A）
No frequency specification on Ed.1 target
Target frequency response:～1GHz：<±0.5dB
Target mechanical structure is described in Annex B
Ed2
Ed1

16. Comparison of current waveform
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Comparison of current waveform
Ed.1 Target
Ed.2 Target

17. Frequency response on Ed.2 target
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Frequency response on Ed.2 target
100kHz-4GHz liner scale
0.5dB/div
S21 Specification ～1GHz： 　<±0.5dB
ESD generator
Frequency

18. Principle of specific current waveform
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
　Principle of specific current waveform
Simulation waveform
Simplified equivalent circuit

19. Principle of specific current waveform
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　　Principle of specific current waveform
Simulation waveform
Actual waveform
Normal gun
No capacitor in gun

20. Actual human body discharge current waveform
When the target is touched by human with electrode. （air discharge tip）
1A/div　10ns/div
1A/div　500ps/div

21. Requirement of Ed.1 current waveform
Rise time
Contact ： ns
Air < 5ns：at 15kV(repeatability: 6/10）
RC interval time
SAE requirement is < 20 ns
Impossible
to measure
Rough specification
No second peak
Not actual shape

22. Air discharge calibration is removed from Ed.2
Annex E（informative） Rationale for air discharge generator verification
Due to the complexity of air discharge, no satisfactory verification method has been developed. Therefore it was decided not to require an air discharge verification.
General …
Amenable to humidity
Discharge phenomenon is changed by surface condition of electrode and/or DUT.
Rise time may faster, if discharge voltage is low.
Positive and negative rise time is differed

23. Test setup（Bench test）
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Test setup（Bench test）
Table（non-conductive）height： m
HCP： minimum 1.6 x 0.8 m, Plus 0.1m greater than DUT/cables.　
Material:：cupper, brass, aluminum 　thickness: >0.25 mm
HCP means vehicle body
Needed for outside testing.

24. Test setup（Bench test）
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Test setup（Bench test）
Resistor cable
470kΩ resistor on each end
To eliminate HCP charge voltage
To avoid a resonance of cables

25. Test setup（Bench test）
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Test setup（Bench test）
IEC :0.5mm
Insulation block height: 50±5mm
Insulation support thickness: 2-3mm (e.g. polyethylene).
No insulation support for direct mount DUT

26. Test setup（Bench test） Ed.1
Capacitor: 330pF
Interval: >5s
Each polarity 3 times
Air discharge approach speed: <5mm/s
50mm width ground strap？
Battery
ESD gun
exerciser
Ground cable
Ground connection point is unclear
Insulation block
25mm

27. Effect of insulation block
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Effect of insulation block
Arrangement of DUT
Edition
DUT
Wire harness
Direct mount
Floating
Ed.1
None
25mm
Ed.2
none
2-3mm
50mm

28. Experiment of insulation block
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Experiment of insulation block
Stray capacitance
10pF
Stray capacitance
259pF
Current probe
insulation
150×250mm
Metal plate
25mm
2mm

29. Experiment of insulation block
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Experiment of insulation block
【no insulation block (direct mount)】
Test voltage:2kV
6.6A
2 A/div

30. Experiment of insulation block
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Experiment of insulation block
Test voltage:2kV
6.5A
5.5A
4.5A
2.1A
Ed.2
2mm
Ed.1
25mm
2 A/div

31. Experiment of insulation block
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Experiment of insulation block
【No elimination of charge】
Test voltage:2kV
1st
2nd
3rd
Ed.2
2mm
Ed.1
25mm
2 A/div

32. Experiment of insulation block
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Experiment of insulation block
【positive shot after negative 10 times with no elimination of charge 】
Test voltage:2kV
10.3A
7.9A
Ed.2
2mm
Ed.1
25mm
2 A/div

33. Discharge test mode Mode Contact Air Coupling mode Direct
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Discharge test mode
Mode
Contact
Air
Coupling mode
Direct
Contact to DUT metric part
Tip：Conical
Approach to DUT non conductive part 0.1 m/s～ 0.5 m/s
Tip：Round※
Indirect
Contact to HCP
※In case of >15kV may need large round tip（to avoid charge leak）

34. Comparison of electrode shape
Φ30mm φ22mm Standard air tip

35. Comparison of electrode shape
30kV　φ30mm tip
Requirement for vehicle
30kV　Standard tip

36. Vehicle body potential
Bench test （Direct）
Vehicle body potential
Ground potential
1 DUT 2 ESD generator 3 ESD generator main 4 Non conductive table 5 HCP 6 Ground point
7 Ground connection 　8 remotely accessible parts of the DUT 9 Periphery 10 Battery Insulation support
12 Insulation block　13 470kΩresistors GRP （optional）　15 HCP ground connection

37. TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
　　 Bench test （Direct）

38. Bench test （Direct） Ed.2
Connect chassis-mounted electronic modules directly to the HCP.
DUT shall be connected to all peripheral units
The supply battery shall be on the test table, with the negative terminal of the battery directly connected to the HCP.
The ESD generator shall be configured with the 330 pF or 150 pF capacitor depending on the DUT location in the vehicle.
Apply the ESD at each specified test voltage and polarity (see Annex C).
The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be increased, using at least two values,
At least 3 discharges shall be applied by not less than 1 s interval.
Charge build-up can be eliminated by briefly connecting a bleeder wire with high resistance ( 1 MΩ)
Wait by natural charge decay.
Air-ionizers may be used to speed up

39. Category of test level： Annex C
Component test - Direct – Contact
Category １
Category 2
Category 3
L4i
±8kV
±15kV
L3i
±6kV
L2i
±4kV
L1i
±2kV
Component test - Direct - Air
Category １
Category 2
Category 3
L4i
±15kV
±25kV
L3i
±8kV
L2i
±4kV
±6kV
L1i
±2kV
Component test - Indirect - Contact
Category １
Category 2
Category 3
L4i
±8kV
±15kV
±20kV
L3i
±6kV
L2i
±4kV
L1i
±2kV

40. Bench test （Indirect） Radiated E-field Ed.2 New
1 DUT 2 ESD generator 3 ESD generator main 4 Non conductive table 5 HCP 6 Ground point Ground connection 8 remotely accessible parts of the DUT 9 Periphery 10 Battery 11 Insulation support Insulation block kΩresistors GRP （optional） 15 HCP ground connection HCP or ESD ground connection

41. TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
　　 Bench test （Indirect）

42. Bench test （Indirect） Ed.2
Connect chassis-mounted electronic modules directly to the HCP.
DUT located distance of 0,1 m away from the HCP edges.
DUT shall be connected to all peripheral units
The supply battery shall be on the test table, with the negative terminal of the battery directly connected to the HCP.
The ESD generator shall be configured with the 330 pF or 150 pF capacitor depending on the DUT location in the vehicle.
Apply the ESD at each specified test voltage and polarity (see Annex C).
The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be increased, using at least two values,
At least 50 discharges shall be applied by not less than 50ms interval.
Discharges to coupling planes, the discharge tip is in the same plane as the HCP

43. Radiated E-field by Indirect discharge
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Radiated E-field by Indirect discharge
Oscilloscope
Opt E-field sensor *
O/E
ESD
generator
Opt fiber
20ns/div
0.55ns
(1.8GHz)
1ns/div
*Wide band lithium niobate antenna

44. Component packaging and handling test
Ed.2 New
1 DUT 2 ESD generator 3 ESD generator main 4 Non conductive table 5 HCP 6 Ground point 7 Ground connection 8 dissipative mat

45. Component packaging and handling test
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Component packaging and handling test
No dissipative mat, if the DUT mounted body directly.

46. Component packaging and handling test
DUT is unpowered condition.
DUT locate on dissipative mat, Connect chassis-mounted electronic modules directly to the HCP.
The ESD generator shall be configured with 150 pF capacitor.
To access recessed connector pins, an insulated solid wire with a cross-section between 0,5 mm2 and 2 mm2 and a maximum length of 25 mm shall be used.
The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be increased, using at least two values,
At least 3 discharges shall be applied each polarity by not less than 1s interval.
Charge build-up should be eliminated.
DUT shall pass complete function testing successfully.

47. Grounding to door hinge
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
　Vehicle test - Inside
Grounding to door hinge

48. Grounding to wheel with plate
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
　 Vehicle test - Outside
Grounding to wheel with plate
Door hinge

49. Vehicle test Ed2
Conductive surfaces shall be tested using contact mode discharges. Air discharge may also be applied to conductive surfaces.
For areas accessible only from the inside of the vehicle, the ESD generator ground connection shall be connected directly to the grounded metallic part of the body (e.g. seat railing, door latch).
For outside, the ESD generator ground connection can be connected directly to the nearest metallic part, or directly to a metal plate placed under the wheel.
The engine of the vehicle shall be running in drive or idle mode.
Choose a generator capacitance of 330 pF for areas that can easily be accessed only from the inside of the vehicle and resistance of 330 Ω or 2 kΩ.
Choose a capacitance of 150 pF for points that can easily be touched only from the outside of the vehicle and resistance of 330 Ω or 2 kΩ.
The test voltages (in accordance with Annex C) shall be increased, using at least two values,
At least 3 discharges shall be applied each polarity by not less than 1s interval.
Charge build-up should be eliminated.
DUT shall pass complete function testing successfully.

50. Test level of Air discharge
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Test level of Air discharge
・At least two severity levels must be tested.
Reason 1
The air discharge path depend on voltage levels.
Reason 2
Rise time depend on the distance of discharge.
The IEC is described only air discharge
Discharge path is differed

51. Experiment of air discharge path

52. Experiment of small gap discharge
Reference： Mr.Masamitsu Honda Impulse physics laboratory

53. Thank you for your attention
TECHNO-FRONTIER 2008
Thank you for your attention