1. Integument b
Chapter 4

2. sensory

3. Dermis Tough supportive ct matrix Varies in thickness
Vascular
Varies in thickness
Eyelids- 0.6 mm
Back, palms, soles 3.0 mm +
Houses accessory structures
70% collagen, loose array elastic
2 components
Papillary region
Reticular region

4. Papillary vs Reticular Layers

5. Papillary Region Loose connective- areolar Dermal papillae
Papilla (cone)
CT projections into epidermis
Increase vascularization & nervous supply
Papillary plexus
Cutaneous nerves
Push epithelia into surface ridges
Create epidermal ridges

6. Dermal Papillae

7. Papillary Plexus
Blood vessels extend up into dermal papilla

8. Epidermal Ridges

9. Reticular Region Dense irregular connective tissue
Strong tensile support
Support accessory structures
No distinct separation between papillary & reticular region

10. Dense Irregular CT

11. Tatoo

12. Accessory Structures

13. Accessory Structures Embedded &/or supported in dermis
Most in close association or derived from epithelial tissue
Ex Hair, nails, glands
NOT all ex. Blood & muscles
Contribute the nervous & muscular tissue components of the integument

14. Sensory

15. Nervous Supply Nerve types General Varied distribution Merkel cells
Pacinian corpuscle
Meissner’s corpuscle
General
Thermoreceptors- dermis, hot & cold
Free nerve ending- pain, dermis
Root hair plexus- hair follicle
Varied distribution
Face, hands, genitalia

16. Merkel Nerves Merkel cells End in epidermis Pain, itch, temperature
Found in higher concentrations in glabrous skin

17. Pacinian Corpuscle Pacinian corpuscle End in dermis- reticular region
Intense Pressure & vibration

18. Pacinian Corpuscle

19. Pacinian Corpuscle

20. Meissner’s Corpuscle Meissner’s corpuscle Dermal papillae
Lt pressure &Touch
Hands & feet

22. Nervous Supply Autonomic nerves are “automatic”
Supply vessels, sweat glands, arrector pilli
Root hair plexus nerves make hairs sensitive to touch

23. Accessory Structures

24. Glands Exocrine Sebaceous Sweat (Sudoriforus) Ceruminous
Open to surface
Sebaceous
Assoc with hair
Sweat (Sudoriforus)
Independent of hair
Ceruminous
Varied distribution & activation

25. Sebaceous Glands Secrete sebum into hair shaft
Oil glands secrete sebum
Holocrine secretion
Close association with hair follicles
Lubricates, conditions, inhibits bacteria
Enlarge during puberty
Androgen hormones stimulate
Varied distribution
Face, scalp, chest, back
None on glabrous skin

26. Sebaceous Glands

27. Sebaceous Glands
Look like eyeballs!

28. Sebum

29. Sebum coats and protects hair

30. Eyelash

31. Got Sebum?

32. Pimples

34. Propionibacterium acnes

35. Whitehead
Trapped sebum & bacteria stay below skin surface

36. Blackhead
Trapped sebum & bacteria partially open to surface & turn black due to melanin exposure

38. Sweat Glands Watery secretion Thermoregulation, communication
99%
Thermoregulation, communication
Coiled tubular glands
Dermis
Merocrine secretion
Two types
Eccrine (Merocrine)
Apocrine

39. Eccrine Sweat Glands AKA merocrine 2.5 million Thermal control
Varied distribution
Axillae, palms, soles, throughout skin
Thermal & psychological control
Open to surface of skin
Watery secretion solution of water & ions

40. Eccrine Gland

41. Eccrine Gland

42. Apocrine Open into hair follicle Merocrine secretion mode Larger
Milky fluid
Larger
Sexual scent gland derived
Symbiotic bacteria
Varied distribution
Axillae, perineum (anogenital), areolae

44. Symbiotic Bacteria

46. Ceruminous Glands Cerumin Thick waxy substance Protective
Apocrine mechanism of secretion

47. Hair Hair cells Papilla in dermis Hair types
invagination of epidermis
Highly keratinized compacted kertatinocytes
Papilla in dermis
Blood vessels & nerves
Hair types
Lanugo- baby
Vellus- peach fuzz
Terminal- pigmented
Function in Communication, sensory, insulation, protection
Varies in distribution
High concentration in facial area
Absent in glabrous skin

48. Invagination of Epithelium

49. Communication

50. Communication

51. Thermoregulation

52. Protection

53. Sensory

54. Hair Structure Follicle Bulb Hair papillae Root Shaft
Epidermis sheath into dermis
houses hair
Bulb
Base of follicle
Contains the germinative layer
Hair papillae
Projection into bulb
Supplies blood & nervous
Root
Immature living hair
Not completely keratinized
~1/2 length of follicle
Shaft
Mature exposed part of hair

55. Hair Follicle & Shaft

56. Hair Root

57. Hair Bulb
Hair papilla

58. Arrector Pili Muscle

59. Arrector Pili Muscle

65. Nails Hardened, densely packed keratin Protects finger tips
Facilitates grasping & tactile sensitivity
Nail plate 0.1 mm/ day

66. Hypodermis Aka Sub-cutaneous layer, Superficial fascia, Sub-Q
NOT a part of the integument system
Structure-
Areolar connective tissue & Adipose tissue
Interwoven fibers with surrounding tissue layers
Firm attachment while still flexible
Vary in thickness- 3cm + abdomen
Blood supply to dermis
Cutaneous plexus
Function-
Attachment of CM
Insulation
Padding

67. Hypodermis

68. Hypodermis

69. Chemical Peel

71. Cellulite Fat cells swollen & pinched by connective tissue
Restricts blood circulation- reduces O supply
Connective tissue bands become tougher & less elastic
Trap fluids & wastes, pinch off nerves
Resulting hardening of tissues

72. Causes Heredity Insufficient water Diet- toxins Smoking Medication
Lack of exercise

73. Aging