1. Authors’ concept of aortic stiffness in relation to other cardiovascular risk factors.
Authors’ concept of aortic stiffness in relation to other cardiovascular risk factors. See text for details. Biomarkers in particular, although well established predictors of cardiac and renal end points, are static values and give no information on their cumulative effect until an end point such as a heart attack occurs. Aortic stiffness reflects the intermediate effects of biomarkers and comorbidities and may help to identify those who are at higher risk and perhaps warrant more aggressive management of their risk factors. CKD, chronic kidney disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DM, diabetes; HTN, hypertension.
Stephanie S. DeLoach, and Raymond R. Townsend CJASN 2008;3:
©2008 by American Society of Nephrology