1. Widening the Options for Major Depressive Disorder

3. Introduction: MDD and Current State of Affairs

4. Common Signs and Symptoms of an MDE: ICD-10

5. Clinician Experience With Symptoms in Patients With TRD

6. Clinician Experience With Residual Depressive Symptoms in Patients With TRD

7. What to Investigate if a Patient Does Not Respond to Treatment

8. Summary of What to Watch For

9. Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of 21 Antidepressant Drugs for MDD: Efficacy Comparison

10. ICD Diagnostic Classification: Severity of Symptoms

11. Remission Rates With Conventional Antidepressants: STAR*D

12. Standard Definition of TRD and Treatment Response

13. Thase and Rush System for Staging Resistance to Antidepressants

14. Therapeutic Options in Partial and Nonresponders: WFSBP Guideline

15. Importance of Documenting Treatments and Symptoms Before Diagnosing Treatment Resistance

16. Summary of Key Points in Diagnosis and Management

17. Novel Pathways Under Investigation for the Treatment of MDD and TRD

18. Glutamate: Role in the Brain and Psychiatric Disorders

19. Ketamine: History and Mechanism of Action

20. Meta-Analysis of Treatment Response to IV Ketamine

21. Ketamine: IV, Intranasal, and Oral Formulations

22. Reduction of Suicidal Ideation

23. Longer-Term Effects of Ketamine

24. Brexanolone Injection in Postpartum Depression: Results from 2 Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 3 Trials

25. Psychedelic Psilocybin With Psychological Support for TRD: 6-Month Follow-Up

26. Biologic Infliximab in Mitigating Depressive Symptoms in Adults With Bipolar Disorder Reporting Physical Abuse

27. The Goal of Personalized, Precision-Based Medicine

28. Potential Biomarkers in MDD

29. Nonpharmacologic Approaches for MDD and TRD

30. Concluding Remarks

31. Abbreviations

32. Abbreviations (cont)