1. Teaching Writing
Indawan Syahri

2. Reasons for teaching writing
Many reasons for getting students to write, both in and outside class
Thinking times;
Language processing (thinking about the language)
Thinking about writing
Writing-for-learning; writing is used as practice tool to help students practice and work with the language they have been studying. E.g., ask students to write five sentences using a given structure.
Writing-for-writing; writing is directed at developing the students’ skills as writers. E.g., ask students to write such things as s, letters, and reports

3. Writing Issues
GENRE
THE WRITING PROCESS
BUILDING THE WRITING HABITS

4. NARRATIVE Social Function (purpose) To narrate stories
  Rhetorical Stages
Orientation (Who involves in the story, when and where)
Complication (a problem arises and followed by other problems) What problem did the characteristics have?
Resolution (Provide solution to the problem) How was the problem solved?

5. EXPLANATION Social Function : Rhetorical stages :
To explain the processes involved in the formation or working or working of natural or socio cultural phenomena.
To tell and why image occur in scientific and technical fields (often used in science, history and geography)
Rhetorical stages :
General Statement to position the reader
A sequenced explanation of why or how something occurs
Closing

6. DISCUSSION Social Function : Rhetorical Stages :
To present information and opinions about more than one side of an issue ( For points and against points)
Rhetorical Stages :
Opening statement presenting the issue
Arguments or evidence for different points of views.
Arguments is on each side of the debate are clearly started
Conclusion based on the argument

7. REVIEW Social Function ( purpose) : Rhetorical Stages :
To critique an art work or event for a public audience
Rhetorical Stages :
Orientation ( Back ground information on the text)
Interpretative recount : Summary of an art works (Including characters and plot)
Evaluation: Concluding statement (Judgments, opinion or recommendation) it can consists more than one.
Evaluative summation : (The last opinion consisting the appraisal or the punch line of art work being criticized)

8. DESCRIPTION Social Function : Rhetorical Stages :
To describe a particular person, place or thing.
 Rhetorical Stages :
Identification ( Identify phenomenon to be described )
Description ( Describe parts, qualities, characteristic

9. RECOUNT Social Function : Rhetorical Stages :
Tell the readers what happened in the past through a sequence of events
Rhetorical Stages :
Orientation ( Who are involve in the story, when and where)
Events ( Tell what happened in a chronological order )
Evaluation ( Comments of the writer / speaker due to the experience)
Reorientation ( Optional- the conclusion on the experiences)

10. PROCEDURE Social Function : Rhetorical Stages :
Help us do a task or make something. They can be a set of instructions or directions.
Rhetorical Stages :
Goal (the final purpose of doing the instructions)
Materials ( Ingredients, utensils, equipment to do the instruction )
Steps (a set of instruction to achieve the first purpose)

11. REPORT Social Function : Rhetorical Stages :
Describe the way things are in our environment (e.g.: a man made thing, animal, plants )
The things must be a representative of their class
Non chronological
Rhetorical Stages :
General Classification ( tell what the phenomenon) (Introduce the topic of the report such as: the class on the sub class)
Identification (Tell the shape/form, part, behavior, habitat, way of survival)

12. HORTATORY EXPOSITION Social Function : Rhetorical Stages :
To persuade the reader or the listener that something should or should no be the case.
Rhetorical Stages :
Thesis (stating on issue for concern )
Arguments (giving reason for concern, leading to recommendation )
Recommendation (stating what ought to or ought not to happen)

13. ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Social Function :
To persuade the readers or listener arguments, to analyze, and explain.
To persuade the reader or listener that something should or should not be the case.
 Rhetorical Stages :
Thesis (Statement of position )
Arguments (consists of points and elaboration )
Reiteration (Reinforcement of the statement position )

14. NEWS ITEMS Social Function : Rhetorical Stages :
To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
 Rhetorical Stages :
Newsworthy event ( tells the event in the summary form )
Elaborate what happened, tell what caused the incident.
Sources ( comments by the participants, witnesses, authorities and experts involved in the event)

15. SPOOF Social Function: Rhetorical Stages :
To tell an event with a humorous twist.
Rhetorical Stages :
Orientation (who were involved in the story when and where)
Events (tell what happened in a chronological order)
Twist (provide the funniest part of the stories)

16. ANECDOTE Social Function : Rhetorical Stages :
To share with other an account of an unusual or amusing incident.
Rhetorical Stages :
Abstract (signals the retelling of an unusual incident)
Orientation (sets the scene)
Crisis (provides details of unusual incident)
Incident (reaction to crisis)
Coda (optional, reflection in or evaluation of the incident)

17. THE WRITING PROCESS
Planning
Drafting
Reviewing
Editing
Producing

18. BUILDING THE WRITING HABITS
Engage students, from early levels, with activities which are easy and enjoyable to take part in, so that the writing activities not only become a normal part of classroom life but also present opportunities for students to achieve almost instant access. It is when students have acquired this writing habit that they are able to look at written genres and involve themselves in the writing process with enthusiasm