1. WETLAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING Problem Analysis (Situation Analysis)

2. WETLAND MANAGEMENT PLANNING Problem analysis (Situation Analysis)
Prepared by: Shewaye Deribe
Ethio Wetlands and Natural Resources Association

3. Outline of presentation

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Learning Objectives
By the end of this session participants are able to:
Define analysis of problems
Explain why problem analysis is important
Apply problem analysis tools to their own wetland case

6. Programme elements What is problem analysis?
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Programme elements
What is problem analysis?
Why is it important to carry out this analysis for wetland management?
Tools and techniques to carry out problem analysis
Group work

7. Definition Problem analysis
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Definition Problem analysis
The process of identifying and analysing what problems affect people (or organisations, or institutions) and ecosystems (or even the whole river basin) in a given geographic context at any level (local, national, regional, international)

8. Key questions: problems
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Key questions: problems
What problems are central to your own wetland and/or project?
What are the main problems or concerns of the different stakeholder groups and how do these relate to the focus of the project?

9. Why is problem analysis important?
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Question:
Why is problem analysis important?

10. Importance of analysis of problems
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Importance of analysis of problems
To increase relevance:
by ensuring that the project will focus on the real (felt) problems and the real (felt) needs
by creating a common understanding of the current situation (resulting in being able more easily to define a shared vision for the future)
And thereby increasing impact

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Question:
What tools and techniques can you use for problem analysis in your wetland / river basin management context?

12. Tools: problems/issues analysis
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Tools: problems/issues analysis
Problem tree / hierarchy
Rich picturing
Conceptual mapping
Matrix ranking
Secondary data
Focus group discussions
Historical Analysis
Issue analysis
Card technique, etc etc

13. Cause and effect mapping or problem tree analysis
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Cause and effect mapping or problem tree analysis
Problem tree analysis helps to illustrate the linkages between a set of complex issues or relationships by fitting them into a hierarchy of related factors.
It is used to:
link together the various issues or factors which may contribute to an institutional problem;
help to identify the underlying or root causes of an institutional problem;
the major assumption underlying the problem tree is the hierarchical relationship between cause and effect.

14. How to use the problem tree
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How to use the problem tree
Identify the major existing problems based on available information (e.g. by brainstorming).
Select one focal problem for the analysis e.g. poor communications among stakeholders.
Develop the problem tree beginning with the substantial and direct causes of the focal problem e.g. lack of institution on wetlands,

15. How to make a problem tree - the steps
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How to make a problem tree - the steps
Brainstorm with stakeholders which problems or concerns they consider to be priority and write them on a card
Select the core problem (or 'starter problem') and place it at the top of the model.
Identify direct causes of the starter problem. Place these below the starter problem.
What causes the problem? Why is the problem there?
Check whether two or more causes are leading to the same starter problem. Place them at the same level.
Identify underlying causes of the 'direct causes', starting from left.

16. How to make a problem tree - the steps
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How to make a problem tree - the steps
Identify direct effects of the starter problem. Place these above the starter problem.
Check whether the direct effects are independently resulting from the starter problem.
Connect the problems with cause-effect arrows

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18. Problem hierarchy – example
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Problem hierarchy – example
Causes
Effects
Easier access to forests
Increased price of firewood
Increased lopping of branches for firewood
Agricultural encroachment into forests
Department of Forests unable to enforce park boundaries
Increased deforestation
Increased demand for land
Decreased agricultural production
Population increase
Adapted from Materials Developed by ITAD

19. Identify causes of the problem
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Identify causes of the problem
In determining the causes of the focal problem it is important to make sure that we do not skip any steps in the relationship between the problem and the causes of the problem
Peter was bored yesterday … Peter asked John to play outside … John played outside with Peter …John did not study for his exam …John was not prepared for his exam …John failed his exam
Peter was bored yesterday … John failed his exam

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Group work
Prepare a problem tree following the steps discussed for the wetland in your area
Work in your wetland management planning team
For further understanding of the steps in problem analysis you can see the following simple problem tree on bus accident

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Problem analysis

22. THANK YOU