1. 18-15 Pyramid of the Niches, Classic Veracruz, El Tajin, Mexico, sixth century CE.

2. Figure Aerial view (looking southwest) of the Castillo, Maya, Chichén Itzá, Mexico, ca. 800–900 CE.

3. 18-17 Chacmool, Maya, from the Platform of the Eagles, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca CE. Stone, 4’ 10” high. Museo Nacional de Anthropologia, Mexico City.

4. 18-18 Aerial view (looking south) of the Caracol, Maya, Chichen Itza, Mexico, ca. 800-900 CE.

5. 18.3 The Post Classic Period
Examine the decline of the Classic Maya civilization and the rise of the Toltecs.
Understand the changes in art and architecture in the Post Classic period.

6. Toltec and Maya-Toltec Art
Examine the decline of the Classic Maya civilization and the rise of the Toltecs.
Understand the changes in art and architecture in the Post Classic period.

7. Figure 18-19 Colossal atlantids, Pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca
Figure Colossal atlantids, Pyramid B, Toltec, Tula, Mexico, ca. 900–1180 CE. Stone, 16’ high.

8. Figure Pendant in the form of a bat-faced man, Tairona, from northeastern Colombia, after 1000 CE. Gold, 5 1/4” high. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York (Jan Mitchell and Sons Collection).

9. Figure Raimondi Stele, Chavín, from main temple, Chavín de Huántar, Peru, ca.800–200 BCE. Incised green diorite, 6’ high. Instituto Nacional de Cultura, Lima, Peru.

10. Figure Embroidered funerary mantle, Paracas, from the southern coast of Peru, first century CE. Plain weave camelid fiber with stem-stitch embroidery of camelid wool, 4’ 7 7/8” X 7’ 10 7/8”. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (William A. Paine Fund).

11. Figure Bridge-spouted vessel with flying figures, Nasca, from Nasca River valley, Peru, ca. 50–200 CE. Painted ceramic, approx. 5 1/2” high. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago (Kate S. Buckingham Endowment).

12. 18.4 South American Early Cultures
Identify the various pre-Inka cultures in South America, their chronology and characteristic art and architecture forms.
Examine the particular linear quality of Nazca pottery and earth drawings.
Examine the art materials and methods used such as in weaving, pottery and metal work.

13. The Paracas and Nazca Cultures
Examine the purpose and style of weaving of the Paracas cultures.
Examine the particular linear quality of Nazca pottery and earth drawings.

14. Figure 18-24 Hummingbird, Nasca, Nasca Plain, Peru, ca. 500 CE
Figure Hummingbird, Nasca, Nasca Plain, Peru, ca. 500 CE. Dark layer of pebbles scraped aside to reveal lighter clay and calcite beneath.

15. Andean Art Objects
Understand the imagery and style, materials and methods used in Andean weaving.
Examine the sculptural quality in the distinctive pottery of the Moche.
Compare the art of the Moche with other South American cultures.

16. Figure Vessel in the shape of a portrait head, Moche, from northern coast of Peru, fifth to sixth century CE. Painted clay, 1’ 1/2” high. Museo Arqueológico Rafael Larco Herrera, Lima.

17. Figure 18-26 Ear ornament, Moche, from a tomb at Sipán, Peru, ca
Figure Ear ornament, Moche, from a tomb at Sipán, Peru, ca. 300 CE. Gold and turquoise, approx. 4 4/5”. Bruning Archeological Museum, Lambayeque.

18. Figure 18-27 Gateway of the Sun, Tiwanaku, Bolivia, ca. 375–700 CE
Figure Gateway of the Sun, Tiwanaku, Bolivia, ca. 375–700 CE. Stone, 9’ 10” high.

19. Figure 18-29 Burial mask, Ipiutak, from Point Hope, Alaska, ca. 100 CE
Figure Burial mask, Ipiutak, from Point Hope, Alaska, ca. 100 CE. Ivory, greatest width 9 1/2”. American Museum of Natural History, New York.

20. 18.5 North American Eskimo, Midwest, and Southwestern Art
Identify the early native North American cultures, their distinctive art forms, materials, and subject matter.
Examine the unique pottery and painted designs of the American Southwest cultures.
Explore the purposes and mythology of the pre-Puebloan Anasazi and the complex structures the built.

21. Native North American Art
Examine the artistic objects and themes of the Adena and Mississippian cultures.

22. Figure 18-30 Pipe, Adena, from a mound in Ohio, ca. 500–1 BCE
Figure Pipe, Adena, from a mound in Ohio, ca. 500–1 BCE. Stone, 8” high. Ohio Historical Society, Columbus.

23. Figure 18-31 Serpent Mound, Mississippian, Ohio, ca. 1070 CE
Figure Serpent Mound, Mississippian, Ohio, ca CE. 1,200’ long, 20’ wide, 5’ high.

24. 18-30A Monk’s Mound (looking northwest), Mississippian, Cahokia (East St. Louis), Illinois, ca. 1050–1200.

25. Figure Incised gorget with running warrior, Mississippian, from Sumner County, Tennessee, ca. 1250–1300 CE. Shell 4” wide. National Museum of the American Indian, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

26. Figure Bowl with two cranes and geometric forms, Mimbres, from New Mexico, ca CE. Ceramic, black-on-white, 1’ 1/2” diameter. Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago (Hugh L. and Mary T. Adams Fund).

27. Figure 18-34 Cliff Palace, Ancestral Puebloan, Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado, ca. 1150–1300 CE.

28. 18-33A Pueblo Bonito, Ancestral Puebloan, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico, mid-9th to mid-11th centuries.

29. Discussion Questions
What stylistic qualities do you see as a common thread in Mesoamerican art?
How is the architecture of the Mesoamerican pyramid-plaza complexes similar?
What was the function of fine textiles and pottery in the Andean cultures?
What do you speculate are the purposes of the South American Nasca drawings and the Serpent Mounds of North America? Could they share a common and general ideology?
Many people collect Native American art today. To what factors do you attribute this popularity?