1. Influences on Canadian Identity
CANADIAN GEOGRAPHY
Influences on Canadian Identity
Students will be able to explain: How Geography effects where and why people settle and how their culture develops.

2. CANADIAN GEOGRAPHY UNIT BROKEN DOWN
CHAPTER
OUTCOMES
CANADAS PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
Demonstrate an understanding of the basic features of Canada’s landscape and climate
CANADA’S PEOPLE
Analyze the offers of selected geographic factors on Canadian identity
MIGRATION: PEOPLE ON THE MOVE
Demonstrate an understanding of the nature of migration and its impact on post 1920 Canada

4. UNITY BY MICHAEL O. NOWLAN
     I watched the eerie fog roll in off the Atlantic at Cape Spear I thrilled at the challenges of Cape Breton’s Cabot Trail I loved the red clay and lushness of P.E. Island’s potato fields I have spent my life in new Brunswick’s scenic beauty I have stood and cheered and clapped for Montreal’s great Canadiens I saw the law-maker/politicians on Ottawa’s Parliament Hill
     I shivered with others in the wind at Winnipeg’s Portage & Main I marveled at the thunder storm over Regina’s sprawling prairie I saw the farmers sweat in southern Alberta’s wheat field
     I watched the sun drop into the Pacific at English Bay Pulsing arteries; powerful heart A NATION LIKE NO OTHER

5. Canada is so large, it has 8 landform regions

6. LANDFORM REGIONS 1.Canadian Shield 2.Appalachians 3.Western Cordillera
4.Innuitian Mountains
5.Acrtic Lowlands
6.Interior Plains
7.Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Lowlands
8.Hudson Bay Lowlands

8. ACTIVITY Get into assigned groups.
You will have each sheet describing each
Landform Region of Canada and all 13 provinces and territories.
Your job is to decide what provinces and territories belong in what regions of Canada.

9. CONTINENTAL DRIFT & TECTONIC PLATES

10. CONTINENTAL DRIFT & TECTONIC PLATES

11. CONTINENTAL DRIFT & TECTONIC PLATES

12. EVIDENCE FOR CONTINENTAL DRIFT
•Fossil records show similar fossils on most continents today and the continents today can be fitted together like a jigsaw puzzle.
•The movement of the continents on the earth’s plates is called continental drift, and the concept of convection currents (circulating current as fluid is heated and cooled) and plate movement is referred to as plate tectonics.

13. CONTINENTAL DRIFT & TECTONIC PLATES
EVIDENCE FOR CONTINENTAL DRIFT
CONTINENTAL DRIFT & TECTONIC PLATES

14. EVIDENCE FOR CONTINENTAL DRIFT

15. YOUR TURN :) Answer the following questions in your book.
1.List the layers of the earth from the centre to the atmosphere, and indicate whether they are liquid, solid or gas.
2.What is the reason for the nickname “Pacific Ring of Fire”?
3.Explain why Eastern Canada experiences relatively few major earthquakes.

16. ANSWERS 1.The layers of the earth are: –The Inner core (solid)
–Outer core (liquid)
–Mantel (liquid)
–Crust (solid)
–Atmosphere (gas)
2.The Pacific Ocean is surrounded by volcanic mountains along the boundaries of the Pacific Plate, where the Pacific Plate meets continental plates.
3.The east side of North America is an interior part of the continental plate, which is distant from the active plate margins.

17. CANADIAN GEOGRAPHY Canada’s Physical Geography is Influenced by:
1. Latitude
2. Air Masses and Winds
3. Ocean Currents
4. Precipitation

18. CLIMATE VERSUS WEATHER
Climate: is how we describe the patterns of weather conditions over the long term.
Weather: the state of the atmosphere at a place and time as regards heat, dryness, sunshine, wind, rain, etc.

19. CONTINENTAL DRIFT & TECTONIC PLATES
DIVIDING THE EARTH
CONTINENTAL DRIFT & TECTONIC PLATES

20. LONGITUDE AND TIME ZONES
•Measured in degrees
0° – 180 ° East
0° – 180 ° West
•In 1878, Canadian Sir Sanford Fleming, proposed a system of worldwide time zones  using longitude to divide the Earth into 24 time zones (15° wide).

21. LONGITUDE AND TIME ZONES

22. CONTINENTAL DRIFT & TECTONIC PLATES
LONGITUDE… does not effect climate
CONTINENTAL DRIFT & TECTONIC PLATES

23. TIMEZONE PRACTICE
Answer the following questions based on the Canadian Time Zone Map.
1 – If it is 2pm in Victoria, what time is it in Toronto?
2 – If it is 4am in Moncton, what time is it in Regina?
3 – If it is 6:30 pm in St. John’s, what time is it in Yellowknife?
4 – If it is 9:15 am in Edmonton, what time is it in Charlottetown?
5- If it is 11:45 pm in Whitehorse, what time is it in Halifax?

24. LATITUDE
•As latitude increases, the intensity of solar radiation (sunshine) decreases. The total number of daylight hours is slightly greater at higher latitudes than at the equator, but areas closer to the equator have more intense radiation and are much warmer than polar regions.
•Lines of Latitude are the imaginary horizontal lines shown running east-to-west (or west to east) on maps that run either north or south of the equator.

25. LATITUDE
The further you get away from the equator the colder it gets

26. LATITUDE & SEASONS

27. AIR MASSES AND WIND Term Definition
•Air masses over bodies of water or areas of land have different characteristics, and names that reflect their origins:
•During summer, Maritime Tropical air masses move northward, giving much of Canada warm, humid weather.
•During the winter, cold, dry Continental Arctic air masses from the north dominate.
Term
Definition
Maritime Tropical
warm water makes the air warm and moist.
Maritime Polar
cold water makes the air cold and moist.
Continental Arctic
cold land makes the air cold and dry.
Continental Tropical
Desert land makes the air hot and dry.

28. AIR MASSES AND WIND

29. AIR MASSES AND WIND
•In Canada it moves from west to east.  This means we can predict our weather by looking at weather in Ontario.
•The jet stream is a super fast wind that blows high up in the atmosphere

30. OCEAN CURRENTS
Ocean currents work similar to wind patterns. They take warm water from the equator and distribute it to the colder North and South poles. Air passing over the ocean will take on its characteristic (warm/cold wind).

31. PRECIPITATION
•Altitude – if you live high up a mountain it will be colder then at sea level
•Bodies of water- being close to a large body of water
helps keep the temperature from getting too hot or too cold
•Mountain Barriers-  can
block rain from going to certain places and make a lot of rain in others.

32. CLIMATE REGIONS
Canada only has 4 of them, we don’t have  tropical climates
1.Dry Climates
2.Warm, Moist Climates
3.Cool, Moist Climates
4.Polar Climates