1. Greek Government and War

2. Tyranny Tyrant was a leader who took control through force
Tyranny- government that was ruled by a harsh and cruel ruler typically from a noble home of the city-states

3. Oligarchy Power of the city-state was governed by a few
Sparta is a Military Oligarchy
2 Kings
Council of Elders
Assembly

4. Democracy
Citizens shared the responsibilities pf running the government.
Athens
Held a assembly as the main governing body
A lottery was held to select assembly members

5. Direct Democracy and Representative Democracy
Direct Democracy- A form of democracy in which all citizens can participate firsthand in the decision making process
Representative Democracy- A form of democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf.

6. Persia
Persia’s Empire included: Southeast Asia, Iran Egypt, Asia Minor, and Mesopotamia
Religion was Zoroastrians (monotheistic)
King Cyprus allowed all exile Jews to return to their homeland from the Unit on Ancient Israel.

7. Persian Wars 400’s Persia wanted to expand into Europe
Began to collide with the Greeks in Anatolia
Main difference between GREECE AND PERSIA
GREECE- Democracy
PERSIA- MONARCY

8. Timeline of Persian War
490BC King Darius Sent 600 ships to invade Greece (Battle of Marathon)
480BC King Xerxes invaded Greece with 200,000 foot soldiers.
479BC- Greeks defeated Persia
449BC- Peace between Greece and Persia
300’s BC- Persia so weakened by outside attacks Alexander is able to over throw.

9. Battle of Marathon 490 BC King Darius
Sends 600 Ships and 20,000 soldiers
Athens has 10,000 soldiers
Terrible Defeat for the Persia

10. The Rule of Pericles Ruler of Athens from 461 BC to 429 BC
Allowed Athenians to practice DIRECT DEMOCRACY
Appointed people to positions based on ability not social class
Rebuilt City after the Persian War
Major supporter of the arts

11. Peloponnesian War
431 War broke out between the city-states of Athens and Sparta
War lasted until 404BC
Known as the Peloponnesian War

12. Pericles Funeral Oration
After the first year of battle, Athens held a funeral service for all fallen soldiers.
Pericles made speech claiming the not matter what Athens way of life was worth fighting for.
“DEMOCRACY WAY OF LIFE IS WORTH PROTECTING”

13. Peloponnesian War
Athens Strategy for 2years was to stay in city walls and have navy bring in supplies.
Worked well until disease broke out killing 1/3 of the populations
The next 25 years Sparta and Athens fought each winning battles leaving no clear winner
Sparta made a deal with Persia to give Greek land in exchange for money for a NAVY.
405BC Sparta’s Navy destroyed Athens through blockades.

14. Outcome of the War The Greek City-states were destroyed
Sparta ruled Greece for 30 years under a very strict law making allies mad
Sparta spent most of the 30 years putting down rebellions
371BC Thebes seized Sparta and controlled Greece for 10years
After their collapse Macedonia rose with Phillip II and Alexander the Great

15. Alexander the Great Son of Phillip II of Macedonia
334 BC Led all Greek city-states as one united GREECE invaded Persia
333 BC Fought through Asia Minor to gain land in Syria and the Middle East
331BC Conquered all of Egypt- Built the City of Alexandria on the Mediterranean coast
327BC Marched into Northern India ( Solders convinced Alexander to return to Greece)
323 BC Alexander Died in Babylon of a Fever

16. The Legacy of Alexander
Greek language, art, ideas, architecture was spread thorough out the areas of Middle East, Northern Africa, Southwest Asia
Hellenistic Era “like the Greeks” began due to Alexanders Empire
Empire was divided into 4 different
Macedonia, Pergamum, Egypt, and Seleucid
Known as the Hellenistic Kings
By 100BC the city of Alexandria was the largest city on the Mediterranean World.